Concept explainers
An electron beam in a cathode-ray tube passes between two parallel plates that have a voltage difference of 500 V across them and are separated by a distance of 4 cm. as shown in the following diagram.
a. In what direction will the electron beam deflect as it passes between these plates? Explain.
b. Using the expression for a uniform field. ΔV = Ed, find the value of the electric field in the region between the plates.
c. What is the magnitude of the force exerted on individual electrons by this field? (F = qE, q = 1.6 × 10–19C)
d. What are the magnitude and direction of the acceleration of an electron? (m = 9.1 × 10–31 kg)
e. What type of path will the electron follow as it passes through the region between the plates? Explain.
(a)
The direction in which the electron beam will deflect as is passes between the plates.
Answer to Problem 1SP
The electron beam will deflect upward.
Explanation of Solution
Electron is the first discovered fundamental particles. It was discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897. The mass of electron is
Electrons are negatively charged particles. The magnitude of the charge of electron is
One of the fundamental property of the electric charges is that the like charges repel whereas the unlike charges attract. Thus it will be attracted towards the upward plate which has positive charge. In another way, the direction of the electric field is from positive to negative and the force on a negative charge is opposite to the direction of electric field. This implies the force on the electron is towards the positive plate.
Conclusion:
Thus the electron beam will deflect upward.
(b)
The value of the electric field in the region between the plates.
Answer to Problem 1SP
The value of the electric field in the region between the plates is
Explanation of Solution
Given Info: The distance between the plates is
Write the equation for the electric field between the plates.
Here,
Substitute
Conclusion:
Thus the value of the electric field in the region between the plates is
(c)
The magnitude of the force exerted on individual electron by the electric field.
Answer to Problem 1SP
The magnitude of the force exerted on individual electron by the electric field is
Explanation of Solution
Write the equation for the magnitude of the force on the electron.
Here,
The magnitude of
Substitute
Conclusion:
Thus the magnitude of the force exerted on individual electron by the electric field is
(d)
The magnitude and direction of the acceleration of an electron.
Answer to Problem 1SP
The magnitude of acceleration of an electron is
Explanation of Solution
Write the equation for the force on a body.
Here,
Rewrite the above equation for
Substitute
The direction of acceleration will be in the direction force on the particle. In part (b) it is found that the force on the particle is toward upward so that the direction of acceleration will also be upward.
Conclusion:
Thus the magnitude of acceleration of an electron is
(e)
The type of path the electron will follow as it passes through the region between the plates.
Answer to Problem 1SP
The type of path the electron will follow as it passes through the region between the plates will be parabolic and it will be towards the positively charged plate.
Explanation of Solution
The path followed by a particle under the action of given forces is called the trajectory of the particle. The trajectory may have different shapes. It can be expressed by a particular equation.
In the given situation, the electrons are in a uniform electric field between the plates. This implies the electron will have constant acceleration. This is similar to the situation where a body is under the influence of gravitational force where the constant acceleration is equal to the acceleration due to gravity.
A body falling under gravitational force will follow a parabolic path. Similarly the electron moving with the constant acceleration will also follow a parabolic path and it will be directed towards the positive plate situated upward.
Conclusion:
Thus the type of path the electron will follow as it passes through the region between the plates will be parabolic and it will be towards the positively charged plate.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Physics of Everyday Phenomena
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