General Chemistry
General Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402758
Author: Chang, Raymond/ Goldsby
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.56QP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The crystallization of sodium acetate from a super saturated solution occurs spontaneously.  Entropy (ΔS) and Enthalpy (ΔΗ) sign should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Spontaneous process: A process which is initiated by itself, without the help of external energy source is called spontaneous process.  All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease in free energy in the system.

Thermodynamics is the branch of science that relates heat and energy in a system.  The four laws of thermodynamics explains the fundamental quantities such as temperature, energy and randomness in a system.  Entropy is the measure of randomness in a system.  For a spontaneous process there is always a positive change in entropy. The second law of thermodynamics says that entropy of the universe is increasing. The change in entropy in the universe is given by the summation of entropy change in the system and surroundings.

ΔSuniv=ΔSsys+ΔSsurr

In thermodynamics, free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work.  The free energy is represented by the letter G.

The equation given below helps us to calculate the change in free energy in a system.

ΔG = ΔΗ- TΔS

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Chapter 18 Solutions

General Chemistry

Ch. 18.6 - Practice Exercise Calculate the equilibrium...Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 2PECh. 18.6 - Prob. 3PECh. 18.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.1QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.2QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.3QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.4QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.5QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.7QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.8QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.9QPCh. 18 - 18.10 Arrange the following substances (1 mole...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.11QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.12QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.13QPCh. 18 - 18.14 State whether the sign of the entropy...Ch. 18 - 18.15 Define free energy. What are its units? Ch. 18 - 18.16 Why is it more convenient to predict the...Ch. 18 - 18.17 Calculate ΔG° for the following reactions at...Ch. 18 - 18.18 Calculate ΔG° for the following reactions at...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.19QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.20QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.21QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.22QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.23QPCh. 18 - 18.24 For the autoionization of water at...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.25QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.26QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.27QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.28QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.29QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.30QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.31QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.32QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.33QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.34QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.35QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.36QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.37QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.38QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.39QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.40QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.41QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.42QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.43QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.44QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.45QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.46QPCh. 18 - 18.47 Calculate the equilibrium pressure of CO2...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.48QPCh. 18 - 18.49 Referring to Problem 18.48, explain why the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.50QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.51QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.52QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.53QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.54QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.55QPCh. 18 - 18.56 Crystallization of sodium acetate from a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.57QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.58QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.59QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.60QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.61QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.62QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.63QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.64QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.65QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.66QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.67QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.68QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.69QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.70QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.71QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.72QPCh. 18 - 18.73 (a) Over the years there have been numerous...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.74QPCh. 18 - 18.75 Shown here are the thermodynamic data for...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.76QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.77QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.78QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.79QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.80QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.81QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.82QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.83QPCh. 18 - 18.84 Large quantities of hydrogen are needed for...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.85QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.86QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.87QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.88QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.89QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.90QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.91QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.92QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.93QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.94QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.95QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.96QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.98QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.100SPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.101SPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.102SPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.103SPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.104SPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.105SPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.106SPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.107SPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.108SPCh. 18 - 18.109 The boiling point of diethyl ether is...
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