General Chemistry
General Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402758
Author: Chang, Raymond/ Goldsby
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.48QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To verify Trouton's rule for the given set of substances.

Concept Introduction:

According to Trouton's rule for, various liquids attheir boiling point the change in entropy value will be the same.  The ratio of enthalpy of vaporization and boiling temperature of various liquids has the same value.

ΔSvap=ΔΗvapTbp90JK-1mol-1

Where,

  ΔSvap is the entropy of vaporization

  ΔΗvap is the enthalpy of vaporization

  Tbp boiling temperature

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.48QP

Trouton's rule is verified for benzene, hexane, mercury and toluene.  All the four substances have ΔSvap90JK-1mol-1

Explanation of Solution

To record the given data

ΔΗvap of benzene=31000Jmol-1Tbp of benzene =80.1°C= 80.1+273                    = 353.1K

ΔΗvap of hexane =30800Jmol-1Tbp of hexane =68.7°C= 68.7+273= 341.7K

ΔΗvap of mercury =59000 Jmol-1Tbp of mercury =357°C=357+273= 630K

ΔΗvap of toluene =35200 Jmol-1Tbp of toluene =110.6°C= 110.6 + 273= 383.6K

To verify Trouton's rule for benzene

Trouton's rule can be verified by plugging in the values of ΔΗvap and Tbp in the following equation.

ΔSvap=ΔΗvapTbp

=31000Jmol-1353.1K=87.8JK-1mol-1

Since the value is approximately equal to 90JK-1mol-1, Trouton's rule is followed by benzene.

To verify Trouton's rule for hexane

Trouton's rule can be verified by plugging in the values of ΔΗvap and Tbp in the following equation.

ΔSvap=ΔΗvapTbp

=30800Jmol-1341.7K=90.1JK-1mol-1

Since the value is approximately equal to 90JK-1mol-1, Trouton's rule is followed by hexane.

To verify Trouton's rule for mercury

Trouton's rule can be verified by plugging in the values of ΔΗvap and Tbp in the following equation.

ΔSvap=ΔΗvapTbp

=59000Jmol-1630K=93.7JK-1mol-1

Since the value is approximately equal to 90JK-1mol-1, Trouton's rule is followed by mercury.

To verify Trouton's rule for Toluene

Trouton's rule can be verified by plugging in the values of ΔΗvap and Tbp in the following equation.

ΔSvap=ΔΗvapTbp

=35200Jmol-1383.6K=91.8JK-1mol-1

Since the value is approximately equal to 90JK-1mol-1, Trouton's rule is followed by toluene.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To verify Trouton's rule for the given set of substances.

Concept Introduction:

According to Trouton's rule for, various liquids attheir boiling point the change in entropy value will be the same.  The ratio of enthalpy of vaporization and boiling temperature of various liquids has the same value.

ΔSvap=ΔΗvapTbp90JK-1mol-1

Where,

  ΔSvap is the entropy of vaporization

  ΔΗvap is the enthalpy of vaporization

  Tbp boiling temperature

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.48QP

Trouton's rule is not obeyed by water and ethanol due to the high entropy of vaporization.

Explanation of Solution

To record the given data

ΔΗvap of ethanol =39300 Jmol-1

Tbpof ethanol = 78.3 °C= (78.3+273)= 351.3K

ΔΗvap of water =40790 Jmol-1

Tbpof water  = 100 °C= (100+273)= 373K

To verify Trouton's rule for ethanol

Trouton's rule can be verified by plugging in the values of ΔΗvap and Tbp in the following equation.

ΔSvap=ΔΗvapTbp

=39300Jmol-1351.3K=112JK-1mol-1

Since, the value is greater than 90JK-1mol-1, Trouton's rule is not followed by ethanol.

To verify Trouton's rule for water

Trouton's rule can be verified by plugging in  the values of ΔΗvap and Tbp in the following equation.

ΔSvap=ΔΗvapTbp

=40790Jmol-1373K=109JK-1mol-1

Since the value is greater than 90JK-1mol-1, Trouton's rule is not followed by water.

To explain the reason for the deviation from hydrogen bond in case of water and ethanol.

For water and ethanol there exist strong hydrogen bonding attraction in the liquid state.  Hydrogen bonding interaction decreases the entropy in the system. In gaseous state the hydrogen bonding interaction becomes weaker and the molecules will have more randomness in the system.  The entropy of vaporization will be high.  This is the reason why water and ethanol is showing larger deviation from Trouton's rule. 

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Chapter 18 Solutions

General Chemistry

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