Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 12PDQ
Through the Human Genome Project (HGP), a relatively accurate human genome sequence was published in 2003 from combined samples from different individuals. It serves as a reference for a haploid genome. Recently, genomes of a number of individuals have been sequenced under the auspices of the Personal Genome Project (PGP). How do results from the PGP differ from those of the HGP?
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In 1995, the first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was Haemophilus influenzae, a bacteria. In the following year, the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be fully sequenced. The complete sequencing of the human genome and related organisms represent one of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of mankind.Elaborate on the importance of genome studies in general.
a)
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates computer science with mathematics
and statistics to solve biological questions. Many bioinformatics tools for gene prediction,
homology modelling and such are available free online.
(i)
How can online tools such as BLAST and FASTA assist in our genomics research?
Is the sequence below in FASTA format? Justify your answer.
>gi 129295|sp|P01013 | OVAX_CHICK GENE X PROTEIN (OVALBUMIN-RELATED)
QIKDLLVSSSTDLDTTLVLVNAIYFKGMWKTAFNAEDTREMPFHVTKQESKPVQMMCMNNSFNVATLPAE
KMKILELPFASGDLSMLVLLPDEVSDLERIEKTINFEKLTEWTNPNTMEKRRVKVYLPQMKIEEKYNLTS
VLMALGMTDLFIPSANLTGISSAESLKISQAVHGAFMELSEDGIEMAGSTGVIEDIKHSPESEQFRADHP
(ii)
FLFLIKHNPTNTIVYFGRYWSP
which of the following statements about genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is correct?
A) involves scanning the genomes of thousands of unrelated individuals with a particular mutation and comparing them with the genomes of individuals who do not have the mutation.
B) involves scanning the genomes of thousands of unrelated individuals with a particular disease and comparing them with the genomes of individuals who do not have the disease
C) attempt to identify genes that influence mutation risk
D) attempt to identify genes that influence disease risk
E) involves scanning the genomes of thousands of unrelated individuals with a particular disease and comparing them with the genomes of individuals who do not have the disease and GWAS attempt to identify genes that influence disease risk
Chapter 18 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 18 -
CASE STUDY | Your microbiome may be a risk factor...Ch. 18 - CASE STUDY|Your microbiome may be a riskfactor for...Ch. 18 -
CASE STUDY | Your microbiome may be a risk...Ch. 18 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 18 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 345. All...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 4PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 5PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 6PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 7PDQ
Ch. 18 -
8. BLAST searches and related applications are...Ch. 18 - Describe the human genome in terms of genome size,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10PDQCh. 18 -
11. Annotation involves identifying genes and...Ch. 18 - Through the Human Genome Project (HGP), a...Ch. 18 -
13. Describe the significance of the Genome 10K...Ch. 18 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 18 -
17. Annotation of the human genome sequence...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 20PDQ
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- What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project? Why do researchers want to know the details of the human genome?arrow_forwardWhen the S.cerevisiae genome was sequenced and surveyed for possible genes, only about 40% of those genes had been previously identified in forward genetic screens. This left about 60% of predcited genes with no known function, leading some to dub the genes fun (function unknown) genes. a)As an approach to understanding the function of a certain fun gene, you wish to create a loss of function allele. How would you do this? b)You wish to know the physical location of the encoded protein product. How would you obtain such information?arrow_forwardWhat is Human Genome Project? What are its goals and benefits? What are the ethical, legal, and social concerns in sequencing human genome?arrow_forward
- 1b) In 1995, the first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was Haemophilus influenzae, a bacteria. In the following year, the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be fully sequenced. The complete sequencing of the human genome and related organisms represent one of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of mankind. Write an essay on the importance of genome studies in general.arrow_forwardDo all of them True/False 31) The process by which an electrical charge is used to introduce DNA into a cell to produce a transgenic organism is called electroporation.Answer: 32) Reproductive cloning is used to produce large amounts of mammalian proteins from transgenic agricultural animals such as cattle.Answer: 33) In gene addition, homologous recombination is used to remove the original gene and replace it with the cloned gene.Answer: 34) All stem cells have the potential to differentiateAnswer: 35) A bone marrow transplant involves the transfer of multipotent stem cellsAnswer: 36) The fact that in mammalian systems multiple genes may compensate for the loss of a gene is called gene redundancy.Answer:arrow_forwardIn 1995, Hamilton Smith, Craig Venter and co-workers published the first complete genome sequence of a self-sustaining organism, that of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed that the organism does not have a gene that could encode a telomerase enzyme. What is the potential evolutionary consequence of this? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- In the practical you have been analysing a human genomic library. You know from your calculations that only a small proportion of the human genome is represented, even when the entire class results are considered. Therefore, the chance of finding a particular single-copy gene in your library is very small. Outline a strategy for constructing a genomic DNA library more representative of the entire human genome. You will need to consider alternative vectors and the efficiency of transformation of the bacterial cells.arrow_forwardAssume 2x108 reads of 75 bps long are obtained from a next-generation sequencing experiment to sequence a human genome. Suppose the length of the human genome is 3x109 bps. What is the depth (i.e., coverage) of the sequencing?arrow_forwardExplain how the different “-omics” involved with the three major parts of the central dogma can be used to study this new species. What are molecular techniques/tools (sequencers) that can be used to study each of these? How would you sequence the genome efficiently (i.e., lowest amount of time and money)?arrow_forward
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Genome Annotation, Sequence Conventions and Reading Frames; Author: Loren Launen;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWvYgGyqVys;License: Standard Youtube License