Concept explainers
Zymomonas mobilis is a Gram-negative bacterium that is used to make ethanol on an industrial scale. There is great interest in enhancing and expanding this microbe industrial uses. This prompted a group at the University of Hong Kong to develop a new E. coli–Z. mobilis shu vector. To do so, they started with a plasmid naturally found in some Z. mobilis strains. What genes and gene elements might the researchers need to add in order to construct a successful shuttle plasmid? What genetic elements do you think were added to obtain high-level expression of heterologous genes? Finally, how do you think they determined the copy number of the resulting shuttle vector in E. coli and in Z. mobilis?
Read the original paper: So, L. Y., et al., 2014. pZM Derived shuttle vectors for heterologous protein express and proteomic applications in the ethanol-producing bacterium Zymomonas mobilis. BMC Microbiol. 14:68
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 17 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
- You are attempting to propagate bacteriophage of Bacillus cereus using a liquid batch culture. A growing culture of B. cereus is inoculated with your bacteriophage. The day before you tested the bacteria and the phage batch and they both behaved as expected. You made sure that all containers are labeled appropriately. Immediately after inoculation, you take a sample but are unable to detect any bacteriophage in the media. What is the most likely explanation? O You used the wrong bacteria or the wrong bacteriophage. There is an issue with the phage batch. O There is a problem with your bacterial culture of B. cereus. O It is too soon. The bacteriophages are still replicating and assembling inside the bacterial cells and are therefore not detectable in the growth media.arrow_forwardBacterial conjugation has medical consequences. For example, certain plasmids contain genes that code for toxins. The causative agent of a deadly form of food poisoning, E. coli 0157, synthesizes a toxin that causes massive bloody diarrhea and kidney failure. This toxin is now believed to have originated in Shigella, another bacterium that causes dysentery. Similarly, the growing problem of antibiotic resistance is partly attributable to the spread of antibioticresistant genes among bacterial populations. Antibiotic resistance develops because antibiotics are overused in medical practice and in livestock feeds. Suggest a mechanism by which this extensive use promotes antibiotic resistance.arrow_forwardWhen T4 phage isolated from E. coli strain B infect E. coli strain K, what will be the EOP (efficient of plating)? Explain why. Fe Varrow_forward
- Electro blotting techniques are routinely used in diagnostic microbiology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in the given bacterial culture. Explain.arrow_forwardYou are studying a type of bacteria isolated from the acidic water runoff of a mining operation. You subject two batches of the same bacteria type to different environmental growth conditions. One batch is grown at pH 2, while the other is grown at pH 7. All other environmental parameters are kept identical between the two batches. You then collect their proteins and run a Western blot using an antibody that binds to a proton efflux pump protein (which actively expends energy to pump protons out of a cell). How would you characterize the information obtained in this experiment? What does it tell you, and why is that potentially valuable information?arrow_forwardYou have isolated a beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus (not a MRSA strain) from an infected surgical site on your patient. If for genetic reasons, your patient is allergic to all antibiotics except beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin ( they can only take Beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin), which strategy below could you use to treat this Staphylococcus aureus infection in your patient? Note different answers compared to previous question. give the patient erythromycin can use a beta-lactamse resistant beta-lactam such as methicillin or oxacillin O give the patient penicillin give the patient an azole drugarrow_forward
- 5 strains of E. coli are isolated. They may be mutated on the ara, mal, leu and pro genes, and only these 4 genes. The 5 strains (E1 to E5) are tested on 5 different media and colonies are observed the next day. Rich Media (Lb) E5 E4 E1 E2Ⓡ E3 MM + Mal+Leu E5 E4 X ● E1 E5 X MM + Mal E4 X X E1 E3 E2 E5 ✪✪ E2 E4 ● E1 E5 MM + Mal+Leu +Pro E2 E3 MM + Ara E4 X X E1 E3 E2 X X Colonies are indicated by a black dot, absence of a colony is indicated by a cross. 1) Determine the genotypes of the 5 bacterial strains (E1 - E5)arrow_forwardYou are studying a microorganism that contains a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) enzyme, and looking for a clone of this microorganism that no longer contains the gene encoding CAT. Imagine you had an LB plate containing chloramphenicol. You streak an isolated colony of the Parent Strain and Clone A onto the same plate. Which of the following statements are true about the growth pattern after 24 hours in the incubator? Select all that apply? L-hlareeheticol LB chloremphenicel Parent Clune A Parent Clone A LD chlerephenicol 18 chloremphenitol Paremt Clone A Paront Clone A Plate A is the expected growth pattern as clone A should grow in the LB plate with chloramphenicol Plate B is the expected growth pattern as LB plate with chloramphenicol parent strain should grow in the Plate B is the expected growth pattern as clone A should not grow in the LB plate with chloramphenicol Plate A is the expected growth pattern as the parent strain should not grow in the LB plate with…arrow_forwardIn the first step of your phage therapy design process, you isolate the exact Mycobacterium strain from the patient. What is the most important thing must you establish next about this bacterial isolate?arrow_forward
- An E. coli colony grew on minimal medium supplemented with arginine and leucine. However, bacteria from this colony are unable to grow and form colonies on minimal medium supplemented with arginine and methionine. What is the genotype of the bacteria in this E. coli colony?arrow_forwardType S Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium is lethal and will kill its host. If heat inactivated the S strain dies and becomes nonlethal. Type R Streptococcus pneumoniae is a nonvirulent strain of bacteria. What would occur if one were to inject both the R strain and heat-killed S strains into a host organism such as the mouse? The R strain would be transformed into the virulent S strain and kill the host. Neither the S nor the R strain would change. The R strain would be transformed into the virulent S strain and not affect the host. The S strain would be transformed into the nonvirulent R strain and not affect the host The S strain would be transformed into the nonvirulent R strain and kill the host.arrow_forwardSome bacteria may have higher mutation rates than others following exposure to UV light. Discuss a reason why this might be the case. What experiments could you do to determine whether this is a likely possibility?arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education