EBK INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS AND ITS
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781305176386
Author: Snyder
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 17, Problem 5RQ
To determine
To know:The representation of prospect theory on utility function and comparison of it with standard theory.
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By using the expected utility theory approach with u(x)=x2, choose the optimal decision for three different possible outcomes with probabilities
p(ω1)=1/2, p(ω2)=p(ω3)=1/4,
rewards R(d1,ω1)=£49,R(d1,ω2)=R(d1,ω3)=£25,
R(d2,ω1)=£36,R(d2,ω2)=£100,R(d2,ω3)=£0,
R(d3,ω1)=£81,R(d3,ω2)=R(d3,ω3)=£0
We learned that we can use choice between a gamble over someone's best and worst outcomes and getting an outcome of interest (like getting pizza) for certain as a way to assign numeric values to utility (on a scale of 0 to 1).
Using this method, if you are indifferent between the following:
A gamble that has a 0.3 chance of your best possible outcome (and no lower chance), and a 0.7 chance of your worst possible outcome.
Getting pizza for certain.
it means that your utility for getting pizza is:
You are trying to decide between rescuing a puppy or an older dog. You decide to try to assign some numbers to your
preferences so you can compare options. You estimate that your utility for a dog that will chew your furniture is 0.1 and
your utility for a dog that can go on hikes with you is 0.8. You expect that a puppy will have an 70% chance of chewing
your belongings and a 90% chance of going on hikes.
What is your expected utility for getting the puppy?
Chapter 17 Solutions
EBK INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS AND ITS
Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 17.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.1MQCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.2MQCh. 17.3 - Prob. 2.2MQCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.3MQCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1TTACh. 17.3 - Prob. 2TTACh. 17.4 - Prob. 1TTACh. 17.4 - Prob. 2TTA
Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 1.1TTACh. 17.4 - Prob. 2.1TTACh. 17.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.2TTACh. 17.4 - Prob. 2.2TTACh. 17.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 17.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 17.6 - Prob. 1TTACh. 17.6 - Prob. 2TTACh. 17 - Prob. 1RQCh. 17 - Prob. 2RQCh. 17 - Prob. 3RQCh. 17 - Prob. 4RQCh. 17 - Prob. 5RQCh. 17 - Prob. 6RQCh. 17 - Prob. 7RQCh. 17 - Prob. 8RQCh. 17 - Prob. 9RQCh. 17 - Prob. 10RQCh. 17 - Prob. 17.1PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.2PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.3PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.4PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.5PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.6PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.7PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.8PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.9PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.10P
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- Suppose a person chooses to play a gamble that is free to play. In this gamble, they have a 10% chance of $100.00, and a 90% chance of nothing. Their utility function is represented in the following equation: U=W 1/2 where W is equal to the amount of "winnings" (or the income). Suppose now Brown Insurance Company offers the person the option of purchasing insurance to insure they will win the $100. What is the minimum amount Brown Insurance would charge you to insure your win? 0.90 O. 99 01 O 10arrow_forwardWhy might prospect theory-like behavior be rational? Why do many behavioral economists argue that such behavior irrational?arrow_forwardAn individual is off ered a choice of either $50 or a lottery which may result in $0 or $100, each with equal probability 1/2. If the individual has a utility function u(w) = w, which one would they choose? If the individual has a utility function u(w) =sqr(w)?arrow_forward
- why is behavioral economic beliefs better than traditional economicarrow_forwardSuppose Jessica has two choices: receive $12000 and 30 utils or take a gamble that has a 55% chance of a $20000 and 45 utils, and a 45% chance of a $0 payoff and zero utility. Assuming Jessica is a utility maximizer, what will she likely choose? a) Jessica will not take the gamble b) Jessica will take the gamble c) It cannot be determined d) Jessica is indifferentarrow_forwardConsider two individuals, Dani and Tom. Dani's utility function is given by U(c)=In(c), where c is the amount of consumption in a given period. Tom's utility is U(c)=c^2 a) In two separate graphs, draw Dani and Tom's utility function (U in y-axis, c in x-axis). b) Both Dani and Tom can purchase a lottery that pays 5 with 75% probability, and 15 with 25% probability. Calculate and mark on the graphs the utility evaluated at the expected level of consumption for the lottery. Then calculate and mark on the graphs the expected utility for Dani and Tom. c) How do utilities at the expected level of consumption compare to the expected utility? What explains the difference between Dani and Tom? What implication does this difference have for their risk preferences?arrow_forward
- what distinguishes prospect theory from subjective expected utility (SEU) theory?arrow_forwardEconomics Consider a potential criminal with a lawful income of $121. Potential loot from robbery is $75. The probability of being caught and imprisoned is 0.50 and a prison term for this type of crime is 0.33 units of time. Round to one decimal place in all calculations. Utility is given by: Utility = (income)1/2 A. Calculate the guaranteed utility from lawful income and the expected utility of committing the crime. What will the potential criminal do? Explain why. Would your answer change if there were an anguish cost of 1 util involved? Explain. B. Suppose all the information given above holds true, except there is no anguish cost. You are a city official who has some extra room in the budget to dedicate towards fighting crime. For the use of these resources, you can choose between either increasing the length of prison term for criminals to 0.595 units of time or investing in GIS technologies and improved policing strategies that will increase the probability of criminals being…arrow_forwardWhen consumers were given the opportunity to select a package of ground beef labeled “75% lean” or a package of ground beef labeled “25% fat,” most consumers chose “75% lean.” Why? What concept from the chapter does this illustrate? The reason is that consumers are swayed by cheap talk. Cheap talk is the concept. The reason is that consumers are much more likely to choose the alternative framed as the positive option. This is called a framing effect. The reason is that consumers infer the value of a product from positive advertising. This is called inference induction. The reason is that consumers respond better to higher numbers. They feel they are getting more because 75 is greater than 25. The concept is the endowment effect.arrow_forward
- Utility functions incorporate a decision maker’s attitude towards risk. Let’s assume that the following utilities were assessed for Danica Wary. x u(x) -$2,000 0 -$500 62 $0 75 $400 80 $5,000 100 Would a risk neutral decision maker be willing to take the following deal: 30% chance of winning $5,000, 40% chance of winning $400 and a 30% chance of losing $2,000? Using the utilities given in the table above, determine whether Danica would be willing to take the deal described in part a? Is Danica risk averse or is she a risk taker? What is her risk premium for this deal?arrow_forwardWhy do economists say that people tend to be risk-averse?arrow_forwardNow, imagine that Port Chester decides to crack down on motorists who park illegally by increasing the number of officers issuing parking tickets (thus, raising the probability of a ticket). If the cost of a ticket is $100, and the opportunity cost for the average driver of searching for parking is $12, which of the following probabilities would make the average person stop parking illegally? Assume that people will not park illegally if the expected value of doing so is negative. Check all that apply.arrow_forward
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