Physics (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976444
Author: James S. Walker
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 17, Problem 46PCE
Phase Diagram for Water The phase diagram for water is shown in Figure 17-37. (a) What is the temperature T1 on the phase diagram? (b) What is the temperature T2 on the phase diagram? (c) What happens to the melting/freezing temperature of water if atmospheric pressure is decreased? Justify your answer by referring to the phase diagram (d) What happens to the boiling/condensation temperature of water if atmospheric pressure is increased? Justify your answer by referring to the phase diagram.
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Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of pV diagrams
for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are described by the
equation
PV = nRT
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, 12 is
the number of moles. R is the universal gas constant, and T is the
absolute temperature of the gas. It follows that, for a portion of an
ideal gas,
constant.
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant, it is
impossible to change just one parameter of the gas: At least one more
parameter would also change. For instance, if the pressure of the gas
is changed, we can be sure that either the volume or the temperature
of the gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a graph
showing one parameter as a function of the other. Although there are
many choices of axes, the most common one is a plot of pressure as
a function of volume: a pV diagram.
pV
In this problem, you will…
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications
of pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
PV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal
gas constant, and I is the absolute temperature of the
gas. It follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
Figure
3po
2po
Po
pV
T
51
Vo
= constant.
6
2V 3V
V
Submit
✓ Correct
No work is done during a process, if the gas does not experience a change in volume.
The absolute value of the work done by the gas during a cycle (a process in which the gas returns to its original state) equals the area
of the loop corresponding to the cycle. One must be careful, though, in judging whether the work done by the gas is positive or negative.
One way to determine the total work is to calculate directly the work done by the gas during each step for the cycle and then add the
results with their respective…
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications
of pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
PV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal
gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the
gas. It follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
Figure
3po
2po
Po
pV
T
51
= constant.
6:
Vo 2V 3V
V
1 of 1
▼
Calculate the work W done by the gas during process 1-2-6-51.
Express your answer in terms of po and Vo.
W = 4po Vo
Submit
✓ Correct
This result can be obtained either by calculating the area of the region 1265 or by adding the amounts of work done by the
gas during each process of the cycle. The latter method helps verify that the net work done by the gas is, indeed, positive.
As discovered earlier, The work W15621 done during a process 1-5-6-2-1 is equal to -W12651, the work done
during the reverse process 1-2 →65 →1.
Part G…
Chapter 17 Solutions
Physics (5th Edition)
Ch. 17.1 - Rank the following ideal-gas systems in order of...Ch. 17.2 - If the Kelvin temperature of a gas is doubled, by...Ch. 17.3 - A metal rod of a given initial length and...Ch. 17.4 - A portion of a substances phase diagram is shown...Ch. 17.5 - Which requires more heat: melting 100 kg of copper...Ch. 17.6 - An ice cube is placed in a cup of water. A few...Ch. 17 - How is the air pressure in a tightly sealed house...Ch. 17 - The average speed of air molecules in your room is...Ch. 17 - Is it possible to change both the pressure and the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4CQ
Ch. 17 - A camping stove just barely boils water on a...Ch. 17 - An autoclave is a device used to sterilize medical...Ch. 17 - As the temperature of ice is increased, it changes...Ch. 17 - BIO Isopropyl alcohol is sometimes rubbed onto a...Ch. 17 - A drop of water on a kitchen counter evaporates in...Ch. 17 - (a) Is the number of molecules in one mole of N2...Ch. 17 - Predict/Explain If you put a helium-filled balloon...Ch. 17 - Two containers hold ideal gases at the same...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4PCECh. 17 - BIO After emptying her lungs, a person inhales 4.3...Ch. 17 - An automobile tire has a volume of 0.0185 m3. At a...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7PCECh. 17 - A compressed-air tank holds 0.500 m3 of air at a...Ch. 17 - Four ideal gases have the following pressures, P,...Ch. 17 - A balloon contains 3.9 liters of nitrogen gas at a...Ch. 17 - Prob. 11PCECh. 17 - Predict/Calculate A bicycle tire with a volume of...Ch. 17 - A 515-cm3 flask contains 0.460 g of a gas at a...Ch. 17 - Prob. 14PCECh. 17 - The air inside a hot-air balloon has an average...Ch. 17 - Prob. 16PCECh. 17 - Consider the system described in the previous...Ch. 17 - Prob. 18PCECh. 17 - Prob. 19PCECh. 17 - If the translational speed of molecules in an...Ch. 17 - At what temperature is the rms speed of H2 equal...Ch. 17 - Suppose a planet has an atmosphere of pure ammonia...Ch. 17 - Prob. 23PCECh. 17 - Prob. 24PCECh. 17 - Prob. 25PCECh. 17 - What is the temperature of a gas of CO2 molecules...Ch. 17 - The rms speed of a sample of gas is increased by...Ch. 17 - Prob. 28PCECh. 17 - A 380-mL spherical flask contains 0.065 mol of an...Ch. 17 - Prob. 30PCECh. 17 - A rock climber hangs freely from a nylon rope that...Ch. 17 - BIO To stretch a relaxed biceps muscle 2.5 cm...Ch. 17 - A 22-kg chimpanzee hangs from the end of a...Ch. 17 - The Marianas Trench The deepest place in all the...Ch. 17 - Four cylindrical rods with various cross-sectional...Ch. 17 - Predict/Calculate A steel wire 4.1 m long...Ch. 17 - BIO Spiderweb An orb weaver spider with a mass of...Ch. 17 - Predict/Calculate Two rods of equal length (0.55...Ch. 17 - A piano wire 0.82 m long and 0.93 mm in diameter...Ch. 17 - The formation of ice from water is accompanied by...Ch. 17 - Vapor Pressure for Water Figure 17-35 shows a...Ch. 17 - Using the vapor-pressure curve given in Figure...Ch. 17 - Prob. 43PCECh. 17 - Prob. 44PCECh. 17 - Predict/Calculate The Vapor Pressure of CO2 A...Ch. 17 - Phase Diagram for Water The phase diagram for...Ch. 17 - Phase Diagram for CO2 The phase diagram for CO2 is...Ch. 17 - Prob. 48PCECh. 17 - How much heat must be removed from 1.96 kg of...Ch. 17 - A heat transfer of 9.5 105 J is required to...Ch. 17 - How much heat must be added to 2.55 kg of copper...Ch. 17 - An ammonia refrigeration cycle involves the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 53PCECh. 17 - Prob. 54PCECh. 17 - Prob. 55PCECh. 17 - Figure 17-30 shows a temperature-versus-heat plot...Ch. 17 - Predict/Calculate Suppose the 1.000 kg of water in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 58PCECh. 17 - When you go out to your car one cold winter...Ch. 17 - A large punch bowl holds 3.99 kg of lemonade...Ch. 17 - A 155-g aluminum cylinder is removed from a liquid...Ch. 17 - An 825-g iron block is heated to 352 C and placed...Ch. 17 - Party Planning You are expecting to serve 32 cups...Ch. 17 - Predict/Calculate A 35-g ice cube at 0.0 C is...Ch. 17 - A 48-g block of copper at 12 C is added to 110 g...Ch. 17 - A 0 075-kg ice cube at 0.0 C is dropped into a...Ch. 17 - To help keep her barn warm on cold days, a farmer...Ch. 17 - CE As you go up in attitude, do you expect the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 69GPCh. 17 - Prob. 70GPCh. 17 - Prob. 71GPCh. 17 - Cooling Computers Researchers are developing heat...Ch. 17 - Prob. 73GPCh. 17 - Prob. 74GPCh. 17 - Evaporating Atmosphere Hydrogen gas evaporates...Ch. 17 - Prob. 76GPCh. 17 - A Boiling Geyser (a) The column of water that...Ch. 17 - A Melting Glacier (a) A glacier is made of ice of...Ch. 17 - Peter catches a 4 2-kg striped bass on a fishing...Ch. 17 - A steel ball (density=7860kg/m3) with a diameter...Ch. 17 - A lead brick with the dimensions shown in Figure...Ch. 17 - (a) Find the amount of heat that must be extracted...Ch. 17 - Mighty Ice Lift A tremendous force is generated...Ch. 17 - Orthopedic Implants Metals such as titanium and...Ch. 17 - Students on a spring break picnic bring a cooler...Ch. 17 - A 5.9-kg block of ice at 1.5 C slides on a...Ch. 17 - A cylindrical copper rod 37 cm long and 7.5 cm in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 88PPCh. 17 - Prob. 89PPCh. 17 - Prob. 90PPCh. 17 - Prob. 91PPCh. 17 - Referring to Example 17-17 (a) Find the final...Ch. 17 - Referring to Example 17-17 (a) Find the final...
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- Learning Goal: To understand the meaning and the basic applications of pV diagrams for an ideal gas. As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are described by the equation PV = nRT, where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and I is the absolute temperature of the gas. It follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas, PV = constant. pV T One can see that if the amount of aas remains Figure ЗРО 2po Po 51 Vo 6 2V 3V < 1 of 1 V A W = 2po Vo Submit ✓ Correct ▼ Part D Previous Answers Calculate the work W done by the gas during process 1-3-6. Express your answer in terms of po and Vo. W = 1 1 119225 Templates Symbols undo redo reset keyboard shortcuts ΑΣΦΑ / Submit Request Answer Part E Complete previous part(s) Part F Complete previous part(s) Part G Complete previous part(s) ! L (arrow_forwardLearning Goal: To understand the meaning and the basic applications of pV diagrams for an ideal gas. As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are described by the equation PV = nRT, where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and I is the absolute temperature of the gas. It follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas, PV = constant. One can see that. if the amount of aas remains Figure ЗРО 2po Po Vo 4 6 2V 3V V 1 of 1 ▼ Calculate the work W done by the gas during process 1-3→6. Express your answer in terms of po and Vo. W = 4po Vo Submit ✓ Correct Part E Calculate the work W done by the gas during process 2→6. Express your answer in terms of po and Vo. VE ΑΣΦ W = Previous Answers Submit Provide Feedback Request Answer Part F Complete previous part(s) Part G Complete previous part(s) ?arrow_forwardLearning Goal: To understand the meaning and the basic applications of PV diagrams for an ideal gas. As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are described by the equation PV = nRT, where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas, One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant, it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas: At least one more parameter would also change. For instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change. To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a graph showing one parameter as a function of the other. Although there are many choices of axes, the most common one is a plot of pressure as a function of volume: a pV diagram. Figure pV T In this problem, you will be…arrow_forward
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