To identify: The step of antibody-mediated immune response pathway in which the AIDS patient are deficient.
Introduction: AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This is caused by the human immune deficiency virus (HIV). The patients infected with HIV suffer from a collection of disorders. Worldwide about 33 million people are infected with HIV.
To determine: The reason why the human body cannot fight off HIV infection.
Introduction: The antibody-mediated immune response protects the body against viruses and bacteria. The antibody-mediated immune response uses antibodies produced by plasma cells to specifically attack and destroy antigens. T-helper cells play an important role in the activation of B-cells.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 17 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
- Mr. Y’s HIV is being managed on a combination drug regimen that includes two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and one protease inhibitor (PI). His viral load is currently 50,000 copies/ mL; 3 months ago, his viral load was undetectable. His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is 526 cells/mm3, down from 680 cells/mm3 3 months ago. Although he has been following his HAART regimen, he has experienced multiple complications, including several opportunistic infections. In light of his medical history, Mr. Y is especially concerned about his shortness of breath and hemoptysis. 1.What is the mechanism of action of the NRTI drugs that Mr. Y is taking for his HIV? 2. What is the rationale for the use of combined drug therapy in the treatment of HIV?arrow_forwardFrom a biological perspective, AIDS is passed more readily from women to men than from men to women. True or false?arrow_forward“T-lymphocytes are the most important arm of the immune response in protecting the community against virus infection.” Do you agree with this statement? Explain your reasoningarrow_forward
- Why is it difficult to cure AIDS?arrow_forwardWhy does an AIDS patient suffer from many infections?arrow_forward“T-lymphocytes are the most important arm of the immune response in protecting the community against virus infection.” Do you agree with this statement? Explain your reasoning in detailarrow_forward
- Why do HIV/aids need to be studied and researched? Justify your answer.arrow_forwardJohnny has just been infected and needs your help in letting him know how his body is fighting the infection. To do so, describe how the innate and adaptive immune systems work together. You should address the following: 1. define adaptive and innate immunity; 2. Describe the role of natural killer cells (how do they work); 3. what are antigen presenting cells and what is their function, what are MHCs?; 4. describe the role of the complement system; 5. what is the role of interferons?; 6. How do helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B lymphocytes work make sure you address adaptive immunity memory?; 7. Define HIV, which cells do they attack and why do some individuals develop persistent lymphadenopathy (swollen or enlarged lymph nodes)?arrow_forwardWhat role would stress play in the progress of AIDS?arrow_forward
- What do you mean by AIDS?arrow_forward1. Mark Thompson is a 16-year-old patient who was admitted yesterday to the pediatric oncology unit for newly-diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma. Further testing revealed that Mark has involvement of lymph nodes on both sides of his diaphragm and in his spleen. He is scheduled to begin chemotherapy this evening. Mark states, “I can’t believe this is happening. It feels like my whole life changed overnight. I hate not knowing what will happen.” What stage of lymphoma does Mark have? What clinical manifestations would you expect to see in your assessment? What are some oncological emergencies that can occur during chemotherapy treatments? What impact does a cancer diagnosis have on the psychosocial status of the patient and their family? What referrals can the nurse make to minimize this impact?arrow_forwardJustine, a 39-year-old female, has recently been diagnosed with lymphoma. She has a family history of several cancers but not lymphoma. Her personal medical history includes mononucleosis, asthma, and two full-term pregnancies and vaginal births. Before her diagnosis, she had been feeling “generally sick” and felt several lumps on her neck and armpits. She had a fever that wouldn’t go away and had been waking up sweaty in the middle of the night. Microscopy showed the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Which of the following is true of Justine’s diagnosis? It is caused by a genetic mutation of a lymphocyte. It is easily treatable and she has a great prognosis. It causes her lymphocytes to shrink. It causes her body to launch an autoimmune attack against its own lymphocytes.arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage LearningMedical Terminology for Health Professions, Spira...Health & NutritionISBN:9781305634350Author:Ann Ehrlich, Carol L. Schroeder, Laura Ehrlich, Katrina A. SchroederPublisher:Cengage Learning