HUMAN ANATOMY
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260210262
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 16.3, Problem 10BYGO
Summary Introduction
To write:
The reason for the opposite effects of a single neurotransmitter on different target cells.
Introduction:
Chemical synapses are specific junctionsacross which the cells pass signals to each other. These are a part of the nervous system, and non-neuronal cells like muscles or glands. An electrical synapse is a mechanical and electrically conductive linkage. The nerve impulse passes the chemicals by the aid of neurotransmitters.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
HUMAN ANATOMY
Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1BYGOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 16.2 - Would autonomic postganglionic fibers have faster...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 2AWYKCh. 16.2 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 16.2 - Describe or diagram the structural relationships...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 16.2 - Prob. 8BYGO
Ch. 16.3 - To what neurotransmitters do the terms adrenergic...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 16 - The general function and effectors of the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.1.2AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.1.3AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.1.4AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.1.5AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.1.6AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.1.7AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.2.1AYLOCh. 16 - The anatomy of the sympathetic chain of ganglia,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.2.3AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.2.4AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.2.5AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.2.6AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.2.7AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.2.8AYLOCh. 16 - The routes and destination of the parasympathetic...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.2.10AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.3.1AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.3.2AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.3.3AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.3.4AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.3.5AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.3.6AYLOCh. 16 - How the sympathetic division can exert contrasting...Ch. 16 - The multiple levels of CNS control over the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.4.1AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 16.4.2AYLOCh. 16 - Prob. 1TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 16 - Epinephrine is secreted by sympathetic...Ch. 16 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 16 - The neural crok gives rise to all of the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 16 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 16 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 16 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 16 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 16 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 16 - State a meaing of each word element and give a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 16 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 16 - State a meaing of each word element and give a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1WWWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 2WWWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 3WWWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 4WWWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 5WWWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 6WWWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 7WWWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 8WWWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 9WWWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 10WWWTSCh. 16 - You are dicing raw onions while preparing dinner,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 16 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 16 - What would be the advantage to a wolf in having...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5TYC
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- Reserpine is a drug that can control high blood pressure by reducing the number of catecholamine neurotransmitters present in the synapse. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine are examples of catecholamine neurotransmitters. One of the known side effects of reserpine is to cause the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson's disease is associated with dopamine. Parkinson's disease occurs when the nerve cells in the part of the brain that controls muscle movement are gradually destroyed and the neurons can no longer produce dopamine to coordinate muscle movements. Reserpine causes symptoms by a. inhibiting the release of dopamine from the presynaptic neuron b. blocking the dopamine receptor in the postsynaptic neuron c. breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synapse d. breaking down cholinesterase enzyme in the synapsearrow_forwardCocaine blocks the removal of dopamine from the synapse, leading to a rapid rise of dopamine in the synapse. Which of the following best describes what will likely occur as a result of increased dopamine in the synapse? The presynaptic cell will be unable to release more neurotransmitter. the postsynaptic cell will return to its resting potential, causing feelings of well-being. The postsynaptic cell will be constantly activated, causing feelings of euphoria. The postsynaptic cell will respond more quickly to a change in output of the presynaptic cell, causing feelings of euphoria. The buildup of neurotransmitter will activate the presynaptic cell, causing feelings of euphoria.arrow_forwardParkinson's Disease Parkinson's disease is neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement. Most people affected with Parkinson's disease demonstrate rigidity, slow movement, and shaking. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease occur when the cells that produce dopamine neurotransmitters die in the brain. Explain how the signal transmission at a synapse in an individual with Parkinson's disease is different than an unaffected individual. Describe the normal process of signal transmission at a synapse. Start with the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal and include the name of the neurotransmitter that is affected by Parkinson's disease. Explain how the process is different in individuals affected with Parkinson's disease.arrow_forward
- Nervous system functions that directly employ acetylcholine neurotransmitters are referred to as cholinergic. Drugs that might be therapeutic in treating the symptoms of dopamine loss in Parkinson’s disease could include multiple choice 1 dopaminergic agonists and cholinergic antagonists. dopaminergic antagonists and cholinergic antagonists. dopaminergic antagonists and cholinergic agonists. dopaminergic agonists and cholinergic agonists. 2. From the information provided, drugs used to treat Parkinson’s disease symptoms will act at which location? multiple choice 2 The globus pallidus The substantia nigra The striatum 3. Which of the following might be therapeutic in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease symptoms? multiple choice 3 all of these choices listed may be therapeutic increasing dopamine receptor responsiveness monoamine oxidase inhibition increasing dopamine release decreasing dopamine…arrow_forwardWhat are the two major classes of neurotransmitter in reference to their effects on postsynaptic cells? How do their modes of action differ? Give an example of each type of neurotransmitter.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning synapses is FALSE? O A) Modulation of synaptic strength can be presynaptic of postsynaptic B) High frequency stimulation in the presynaptic neuron often leads to DECREASED neurotransmitter release O C) Modulation of synaptic strength can either be short term, lasting seconds, or long term, lasting as long as a lifetime. D) Agonists are drugs that mimic neurotransmitters and antagonists are drugs that block the action of neurotransmitters O E) Certain drugs prevent the reuptake of neurotransmitter from the synapsearrow_forward
- Name two defining properties of neurotransmitters.arrow_forwardserotonin,y-aminobutyric acid, and dopamine are derived from different amino acids by just one or a very few chemical steps. name one step that is shared in the derivation of all three neurotransmitters?arrow_forwardCatecholamines are neurotransmitters that are produced in the adrenal glands and are released during a stress response. Some typical effects are increased heart rate, increased blood glucose levels and elevated blood pressure. Examples include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Reserpine is a drug that can control high blood pressure by reducing the number of catecholamine neurotransmitters present in the synapse. Which of the following rows correctly identifies the effect of reserpine in the synapse and the division of the nervous system it affects? Select one: а. Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Keeps catecholamines longer in the synapse Sympathetic nervous system b. Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Inhibits release of catecholamines from the presynaptic neuron Sympathetic nervous system С. Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Inhibits release of catecholamines from presynaptic neuron Parasympathetic nervous system d.…arrow_forward
- Catecholamines are neurotransmitters that are produced in the adrenal glands and are released during a stress response. Some typical effects are increased heart rate, increased blood glucose levels and elevated blood pressure. Examples include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Reserpine is a drug that can control high blood pressure by reducing the number of catecholamine neurotransmitters present in the synapse. Which f the following rows correctly identifies the effect of reserpine in the synapse and the division of the nervous system it affects? Select one: Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Keeps catecholamines longer Sympathetic nervous system in the synapse b. Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Inhibits release of catecholamines from the presynaptic neuron Sympathetic nervous system Division of the Nervous System Effect in the Synapse Inhibits release of catecholamines from presynaptic neuron Parasympathetic nervous system d. Effect in…arrow_forwardWhich cell type is responsible for reuptaking neurotransmitters once released in the synapse? a) pyramidal cells b) ependymal cells c) glial cells d) oligodendrocytes The collective name for dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline based on their chemistry is: a) cathecholamines b) indolamines c) neurotransmitters d) anxiolyticsarrow_forwardHow is it possible for a particular neurotransmitterto produce opposite effects in different tissues?arrow_forward
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