Biology: Concepts and Investigations
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260259049
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 16, Problem 8WIO
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The reason for annual administration of flu shot, when many other vaccines last for years and is it possible for a flu shot to cause influenza.
Concept introduction:
A disease that is caused due to infection of virus is known as viral infection. A person can acquire the infection by inspiring the respiratory droplets of infected person or by consuming contaminated water or food. Influenza is also known as “flu” is caused due to influenza virus.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Comparing the number of infections, people catch cold so much more often than flu .Why haven’t we spent time and effort on developing vaccines to the cold virus ? a)The cold viral particle change over time, too difficult to develop a vaccine b)The cold viral remain stable over time and lose their ability to infect human over time c)The cold viral particle constantly change over time , catch a cold virus will result in vaccination for a long time d)There are too many strains of the cold virus and the symptoms are mild
The World Health Organization (WHO, 2017) haslisted six steps individualscan take to prevent and control the spread of antibiotic resistance. a.One of the recommendations is “Never demand antibiotics if your health worker says you don’t need them.”Explain why when you have a flu, your health care worker would say that you do not need antibiotics.
What are the other five recommendations?
Suppose you are designing a study to determine whether a vaccine is effective. You recruit volunteers and then assign them into two groups. Which of the following is a better way to determine if the vaccine works in a wide variety of people?
(a) Recruit people from a variety of backgrounds: different ethnicities, ages,
sexes, etc... and then randomly form two groups.
(b) Recruit people for the study who are very similar to one another, such as married nonsmoker female nurses in their forties who don't drink with no health problems and good incomes, then randomly form two groups
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: Concepts and Investigations
Ch. 16.1 - How are viruses similar to and different from...Ch. 16.1 - What determines a viruss host range?Ch. 16.1 - How do viruses evolve?Ch. 16.2 - Describe the five steps in viral replication.Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 16.3 - How is a lysogenic infection similar to and...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 16.4 - Prob. 3MC
Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 16.6 - How are viroids and prions different from viruses?Ch. 16.6 - How do viroids and prions cause disease?Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 16.7 - How did researchers gather data about SIV...Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 16 - Which of the following is NOT a feature associated...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 16 - Although some viruses are complete after the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 16 - Which enzyme copies HTVs genetic material, forming...Ch. 16 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 16 - What is a prion? a. A highly wound circle of RNA...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 16 - Your biology lab instructor gives you a petridish...Ch. 16 - Why is it inaccurate to refer to the "growth" of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 16 - Rhinoviruses replicate in the mucus-producing...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6WIOCh. 16 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 16 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 16 - Why do antibiotics kill bacteria but leave viruses...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10WIOCh. 16 - Prob. 11WIOCh. 16 - How is a biological virus similar to and different...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1PITCh. 16 - How is a virus similar to and different from a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3PIT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Why must a new flu vaccine be manufactured annually? A.) The flu causes mutations in the host cell DNA. B.) Sexual reproduction between flu viruses creates new strains. C.) The genes for the proteins on the exterior of the flu virus mutate frequently. D.) The flu virus develops methods to break down the vaccine.arrow_forwardWhat is Influenza? What is the best way to prevent flu? Is there any alternative to vaccination in preventing influenza?arrow_forwardThe 2020 flu shot is an _____ virus vaccine made against three _____ of influenza predicted to cause this season's epidemic. A)attenuated; strains B)inactivated; strains C)inactivated; species D)attenuated; speciesarrow_forward
- Many pharmaceutical companies are trying to produce vaccine against Corona virus (COVID-19) but they are facing problems to find an effective, safe and universal vaccine. Explainarrow_forwardThis type of vaccine contains intact microbes, but the microbes are unable to replicate within the body. O 1) Live vaccine O 2) Killed vaccine 3) Attenuated vaccine 4) Subunit vaccinearrow_forwardWhat is the major difference between common cold and flu? Why has no vaccine been developed for the common cold?arrow_forward
- Influenza vaccines must be changed yearly because the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins change gradually over time. Based on this information, which is the most logical conclusion? The influenza virusa) is enveloped. b) is non-enveloped.c) has a DNA genome. d) has an RNA genome.e) causes a persistent infection.arrow_forwardWhy is it difficult to develop a universal flu vaccine?arrow_forwardVaccines typically contain particles that are pieces of the virus or bacteria they target. How do you think this helps you avoid getting sick in the future? a) vaccine-preventable diseases are just part of life. it is better to have the disease than become immune through vaccines b) vaccine programs fail to produce overall health benefits of a population by because they do not reduce the transmission od disease c) the particles act as antibodies, against which the person's immune system will develop antibodies d) the particles act as antigens, against which the person's immune system will develop antibodies e) vaccines create an entirely new immune systemarrow_forward
- At a recent trip to the drug store, your pharmacist informs you that the flu vaccines are in. You fear the risk of getting the flu because you've had it before and it wasn't a pleasant experience. You proceed to get the vaccinated for the flu. Which of the following statements regarding your recent vaccination is true? O The vaccine you received protects you from every strain of the flu. O The vaccine you received protects you from the strain of bacteria which scientists believe will be common in the upcoming "flu season". O The vaccine you received protects you from the virus which scientists believe will be common in the upcoming "flu season". O The vaccine won't be effective because you've had the flu in the past and are immune to it.arrow_forwardThe emergence of new cases of polio linked to the oral vaccine had been reported in a number of African and Asian countries, revealing that there are now more children being paralyzed by viruses originating in vaccines than in the wild. Viral contamination of a biological may arise from many factors, from handling to the origin of the materials used in the cell culture. a What could be the reason for the outbreak in those countries? D) The method of producing attenuated “live" vaccines involve passing the disease- tausing virus through a series of cell cultures or animal embryos (typically chick embryos). Explain the procedure in details and cite the reason why the method involve passing a virus through a non-human host?arrow_forwardFrom: "Why our flu vaccines can't keep up" What is the most likely explanation for why the smallpox and polio vaccines have high long-term effectiveness, while the influenza vaccine has lower effectiveness and is only effective for a shorter time period? Smallpox and polio are caused by a virus, but flu is caused by a bacterium. The smallpox and polio vaccines are manufactured using more modern techniques than the flu vaccine. O The influenza virus mutates more rapidly than the smallpox and polio viruses. O The symptoms of flu are more severe than those of smallpox and polio.arrow_forward
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