Integrated Science
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780077862602
Author: Tillery, Bill W.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill,
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Chapter 16, Problem 7PEB
To determine
The change in the height of the continental crust above the mantle due to crust thinning.
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13. How deep in the crust is 10 kbar? Lithostatic pressure within the crusts results from the
weight of the rocks above. Assume an average density of 2750 kg/m3. Use the equation
P=p*g*h or P/(p *g)=h 23kPa/m
P=pressure (e.g. kbar), p=density, g-gravity 9.8 m/s2, h= depth (m), 1 kbar=1,000 bars, 1
bar=100,000 Pa, 1 Pa=kg/(m*s2), 1 kbar =100,000,000 Pa, 1 km =1000 m. Give your answer in
kilometers.
What is a Divergent Plate Boundary?
What is a Convergent Plate Boundary?
What is a Transform Plate Boundary?
A recent magnitude 6.0 Earthquake was recorded. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy released in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules)).
Chapter 16 Solutions
Integrated Science
Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1SCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 2SCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 3SCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 4SCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 5SCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 6SCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 7SCCh. 16.4 - Prob. 8SCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 9SCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 10SC
Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 11SCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 12SCCh. 16 - Prob. 1CQCh. 16 - Prob. 2CQCh. 16 - Prob. 3CQCh. 16 - Prob. 4CQCh. 16 - Prob. 5CQCh. 16 - Prob. 6CQCh. 16 - Prob. 7CQCh. 16 - Prob. 8CQCh. 16 - Prob. 9CQCh. 16 - Prob. 10CQCh. 16 - Prob. 11CQCh. 16 - Prob. 12CQCh. 16 - Prob. 13CQCh. 16 - Prob. 14CQCh. 16 - Prob. 15CQCh. 16 - Prob. 16CQCh. 16 - Prob. 17CQCh. 16 - Prob. 18CQCh. 16 - Prob. 19CQCh. 16 - Prob. 20CQCh. 16 - Prob. 21CQCh. 16 - Prob. 22CQCh. 16 - Prob. 23CQCh. 16 - Prob. 24CQCh. 16 - Prob. 25CQCh. 16 - Prob. 26CQCh. 16 - Prob. 27CQCh. 16 - Prob. 28CQCh. 16 - Compare the energy released by a small atomic bomb...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2PEACh. 16 - Prob. 3PEACh. 16 - Prob. 4PEACh. 16 - Prob. 5PEACh. 16 - Prob. 6PEACh. 16 - Prob. 7PEACh. 16 - Prob. 8PEACh. 16 - Prob. 9PEACh. 16 - Prob. 10PEACh. 16 - Prob. 1PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 2PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 3PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 4PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 5PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 6PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 7PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 8PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 9PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 10PEB
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- If you wanted to live where the chances of a destructive earthquake were small, would you pick a location near a fault zone, near a mid ocean ridge, near a subduction zone, or on a volcanic island such as Hawaii? What are the relative risks of earthquakes at each of these locations?arrow_forwardAccording to the infographic above a recent magnitude 7.7 Earthquake was recorded in Los Angeles 2016. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy release in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules))arrow_forwardAccording to the infographic above a recent magnitude 5.4 Earthquake was recorded. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy release in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules)). c) Using the earthquake magnitude scale below to qualitatively categorize (was it Minor, Light, Moderate, Strong, Major or Great) and describe the earthquake (what kind of damage is expected from a magnitude 5.4 earthquake).arrow_forward
- Which of the following is most responsible for the formation of new crust ar the edge of a tectonic plate? A. mountain building at a continent-continent convergent boundary B. magma rising up from the mantle at a divergent boundary С. two tectonic plates sliding past one another at a transform boundary D. subduction of one oceanic plate under another at a convergent boundaryarrow_forwardAccording to the infographic above a recent magnitude 3.8 Earthquake was recorded in San Diego 2021. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy release in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules)). c) Using the earthquake magnitude scale below to qualitatively categorize (was it Minor, Light, Moderate, Strong, Major or Great) and describe the earthquake (what kind of damage is expected from a magnitude 3.8 earthquake).arrow_forwardAccording to the infographic above a recent magnitude 6.1 Earthquake was recorded. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy release in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules)arrow_forward
- A rift valley is evidence of which kind of plate boundary? A. convergent B. divergent C. transform D. uniform O A O B Ос O Darrow_forward5. The "iceberg analogy" for the isostatic equilibrium of the continental crust turns out to be quite the relative density of icebergs versus seawater is close to the relative density of continental crust versus mantle. Glacial ice is about 15% less dense than seawater; likewise continental crust is about 15% less dense than the mantle. This leads to a simple rule that we can call the 1-to-8 rule: for every 1 unit of extra elevation for an iceberg or a mountain belt, there need to be 8 units of total thickness. These iceberg examples illustrate the idea: an iceberg 3 meters above sea level is 24 meters thick an iceberg 1 meter above sea level is 8 meters thick an iceberg 2 meters above sea level is 16 meters thick 3m 2m water level 1m >7m 14m 21m For the following questions, apply the 1-to-8 rule, assuming continental crust in isostatic equilibrium. a. Continental crust at sea level averages about 35 kilometers thick. (1 km = 0.6 miles.) Therefore, in general, how thick must the crust…arrow_forwardAccording to the infographic above, one of the largest earthquakes of this year 2021 was the magnitude 8.2 Earthquake in Alaska on 29 July 2021. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy release in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules)). c) Using the earthquake magnitude scale below to qualitatively categorize (was it Minor, Light, Moderate, Strong, Major or Great) and describe the earthquake (what kind of damage is expected from a magnitude 7.1 earthquake)arrow_forward
- An earthquake occurs 6,875 km from a seismograph. The P-waves arrive 11.6 minutes later. How fast is the P-wave traveling (in km/s)? If the lag time between P- and S-waves is 10.8 minutes, how fast are the S-waves traveling (in km/s)? Using the shadow of S-waves you determine that the radius of the core is 55% of the Earth's 6,378-km radius. How many kilometers from the surface is this (in km)? To calculate how fast the P-waves are traveling, we need to divide the distance the waves travel by the time. vP = d s vP = km/sarrow_forwardThe average elevation of Arabian peninsula (freeboard) is f=400 m. Considering that the oceanic crust is h=5 km of thickness and the sea average depth is D= 3700 m. (pc=2700 kg/m3, po=3000 kg/m3, pm=3300 kg/m3 pw=1000 kg/m3) What is the thickness H of the continental crust. B. If the Musandam has an average elevation of 800 m. How much is the thickness below Musandam considering stacking of sedimentary layers and not erosion.arrow_forwardHEIGHT OF A CONTINENT ABOVE THE MANTLE. In the figure below, a simple model considers a continent as a block (density = 2,800 kg/m^3) floating in the mantle (density = 3,300 kg/m3). Assuming the continent is 35 km thick (the average thickness of the Earth's crust), estimate the height (in km) of the continent above the surrounding mantle. Continent (density = 2800 kg/m3) mg Mantle rock (density = 3300 kg/m³) 5.3. 7.4. 9.8 12. 17.arrow_forward
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