Integrated Science
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780077862602
Author: Tillery, Bill W.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill,
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Chapter 16, Problem 3PEB
To determine
The difference in between P-wave and S-wave for various distances.
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The Richter Soale is a simple equation for measuring intensity of an earthquake, according to the formula
R=log(I), where I is Intensity of an earthquake and Ris the Richter scale rating.
The largest earthquake in the year 2006 was in the ocean that was recorded as an 8.3 on the Richter Scale.
The most devastating earthquake was in a major city that registered 6.6 on the Richter Scale. How many
times more intense was the quake in the ocean?
a) The intensity of the 8.3 earthquake was:
You can write it as a power of 10
b) The intensity of the 6.6 earthquake was:
FYou can write it as a power of 10}
c) The quake in the ocean was
times more intense than the one in the city.
(Round to 3 decimal places.)
Recall the formula for calculating the magnitude of an earthquake, M =
E
Eo
earthquake has magnitude 3.9 on the MMS scale. If a second earthquake has 800 times as much energy
log
One
as the first, find the magnitude of the second quake.
Round to the nearest hundredth.
The magnitude of the second earthquake was
Number
An earthquake occurs 6,875 km from a seismograph. The P-waves arrive 11.6 minutes later. How fast is the P-wave traveling (in km/s)?
If the lag time between P- and S-waves is 10.8 minutes, how fast are the S-waves traveling (in km/s)?
Using the shadow of S-waves you determine that the radius of the core is 55% of the Earth's 6,378-km radius. How many kilometers from the surface is this (in km)?
To calculate how fast the P-waves are traveling, we need to divide the distance the waves travel by the time.
vP
=
d
s
vP
= km/s
Chapter 16 Solutions
Integrated Science
Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1SCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 2SCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 3SCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 4SCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 5SCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 6SCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 7SCCh. 16.4 - Prob. 8SCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 9SCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 10SC
Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 11SCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 12SCCh. 16 - Prob. 1CQCh. 16 - Prob. 2CQCh. 16 - Prob. 3CQCh. 16 - Prob. 4CQCh. 16 - Prob. 5CQCh. 16 - Prob. 6CQCh. 16 - Prob. 7CQCh. 16 - Prob. 8CQCh. 16 - Prob. 9CQCh. 16 - Prob. 10CQCh. 16 - Prob. 11CQCh. 16 - Prob. 12CQCh. 16 - Prob. 13CQCh. 16 - Prob. 14CQCh. 16 - Prob. 15CQCh. 16 - Prob. 16CQCh. 16 - Prob. 17CQCh. 16 - Prob. 18CQCh. 16 - Prob. 19CQCh. 16 - Prob. 20CQCh. 16 - Prob. 21CQCh. 16 - Prob. 22CQCh. 16 - Prob. 23CQCh. 16 - Prob. 24CQCh. 16 - Prob. 25CQCh. 16 - Prob. 26CQCh. 16 - Prob. 27CQCh. 16 - Prob. 28CQCh. 16 - Compare the energy released by a small atomic bomb...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2PEACh. 16 - Prob. 3PEACh. 16 - Prob. 4PEACh. 16 - Prob. 5PEACh. 16 - Prob. 6PEACh. 16 - Prob. 7PEACh. 16 - Prob. 8PEACh. 16 - Prob. 9PEACh. 16 - Prob. 10PEACh. 16 - Prob. 1PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 2PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 3PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 4PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 5PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 6PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 7PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 8PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 9PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 10PEB
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- A seismic station located 60 km from the epicenter of an earthquake, recorded the maximum height of the S-waves to be 50 mm. What was the Richter magnitude of this earthquake?arrow_forwardCalculate the surface wave magnitude MS for an earthquake with IMM of VII, in an area that can be approximated by a circle with radius 20 km for a site at the borders of the given isoseismal. This site is located in the western United States. Compare the ensuing value with the estimations from relationships with other magnitude scales. Calculate the fault surface displacements. Assume that the earthquake mechanism is normal faulting.arrow_forwardIf the time difference between the arrival of P-waves and the arrival of S-waves is 60, approximately how far are you from the epicenter of the earthquake?arrow_forward
- Tutorial An earthquake occurs 7,375 km from a seismograph. The P-waves arrive 12.2 minutes later. How fast is the P-wave traveling (in km/s)? If the lag time between P- and S-waves is 10.6 minutes, how fast are the S-waves traveling (in km/s)? Using the shadow of S-waves you determine that the radius of the core is 55% of the Earth's 6,378-km radius. How many kilometers from the surface is this (in km)? Part 1 of 3 To calculate how fast the P-waves are traveling, we need to divide the distance the waves travel by the time. d Vp = Make sure you are dividing by the time in seconds. s Vp = Make sure you are dividing by the time in seconds. km/sarrow_forwardIf the Richter scale is altered so that it compares energy released instead of intensity, the definition of the scale becomes M2 - M1 = LOG31 (E2 / E1). a) If the magnitude of an earthquake is increased by 1 on the scale, by what factor is the energy released multiplied? b) What is the magnitude of an earthquake that releases 200 times the energy of an earthquake with magnitude 4.5? c) How many times greater is the energy released from an earthquake with magnitude 9.0 than that of an earthquake with magnitude 6.5?arrow_forwardYou are on an oceanographic research expedition that began in San Juan, Puerto Rico on September 14. The ship left port at 0630 hr on 14 September and covered a distance of 1608 km to the first drill location (Site 1) where you are going retrieve a drill core of seafloor sediments. The ship arrived at the first drill site at 1800 hr on 16 September. Calculate the rate of travel (i.e., speed) of the ship during its transit to the first drill site.arrow_forward
- The intensity of a wave of an earthquake is measured as 3 J/m? . At a different point 3.5 km away from the first point the intensity is reduced by 20%. At what distance from the centre of the earthquake is the first intensity measured. Please give your result in km with 1 decimal. (The centre of the earthquake, the first point and the second point should all be in one straight line).arrow_forwardIf the time interval between the arrival of P and S is 10 seconds, how far away did the earthquake originate? Assume an average velocity of P of 6km/s and for S of 4km/s.arrow_forwardThe intensities I of two earthquakes are compared with the Richter scale magnitudes, M. log (I2/I1) = M2 – M1 How many times greater is the intensity of earthquake 2 with M2 = 8.0 than earthquake 1 with M1 = 6.0? 100 times 2 times 50 timesarrow_forward
- (a) Find the magnitude of an earthquake that has an intensity that is 38.25 (that is, the amplitude of the seismograph reading is 38.25 cm). (Round your answer to one decimal place.) (b) An earthquake was measured to have a magnitude of 4.4 on the Richter scale. Find the intensity of the earthquake. (Round your answer to one decimal place.)arrow_forwardThe energy released in an aftershock is 1/8 of that in an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.2 on the Richter scale. Find the magnitude of the aftershock on the Richter scale. (Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place.)arrow_forwardIf A is the amplitude of an earthquake (measured in micrometers), and P is the period (measured in seconds), then the intensity of the earthquake is measured by the formula R =arrow_forward
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