Integrated Science
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780077862602
Author: Tillery, Bill W.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill,
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Chapter 16, Problem 4PEB
To determine
The time taken by the tsunami originating from Juan de Fuca Trench to reach the coast of Washington.
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On August 17, 1983, an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.3 in the Richter scale hit the province
of llocos Norte. This was the most sever earthquake in North-western Luzon in 52 years and
probably the second largest earthquake to hit Laoag City and its immediate vicinity in historical
times (Source: philvocs.dost.gov.ph). How much energy was released by the earthquake?
8.51 x 107 joules
2.24 x 1012 joules
2.42 x 1012 joules
8.15 x 10' joules
(b) The magnitude M of an earthquake on the Richter scale is given by
2
M = log
Eo
whereE is the energy, measured in Joules, released by the earthquake and Eo = 10*40J.
(1) If an earthquake releases 5.96 x 1016 J of energy, what is its magnitude on the
Richter scale?
(ii) Two earthquakes have Richter scale readings
and/
%3D
Given that E
= 1000E2, show that M - M2 = 2
%3D
%3D
(iii) Show that M =log E)
can be written as log(E) = 4.4 + 1.5M.
%3D
If the Richter scale is altered so that it compares energy released instead of intensity, the definition of the scale becomes M2 - M1 = LOG31 (E2 / E1).
a) If the magnitude of an earthquake is increased by 1 on the scale, by what factor is the energy released multiplied?
b) What is the magnitude of an earthquake that releases 200 times the energy of an earthquake with magnitude 4.5?
c) How many times greater is the energy released from an earthquake with magnitude 9.0 than that of an earthquake with magnitude 6.5?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Integrated Science
Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1SCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 2SCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 3SCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 4SCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 5SCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 6SCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 7SCCh. 16.4 - Prob. 8SCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 9SCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 10SC
Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 11SCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 12SCCh. 16 - Prob. 1CQCh. 16 - Prob. 2CQCh. 16 - Prob. 3CQCh. 16 - Prob. 4CQCh. 16 - Prob. 5CQCh. 16 - Prob. 6CQCh. 16 - Prob. 7CQCh. 16 - Prob. 8CQCh. 16 - Prob. 9CQCh. 16 - Prob. 10CQCh. 16 - Prob. 11CQCh. 16 - Prob. 12CQCh. 16 - Prob. 13CQCh. 16 - Prob. 14CQCh. 16 - Prob. 15CQCh. 16 - Prob. 16CQCh. 16 - Prob. 17CQCh. 16 - Prob. 18CQCh. 16 - Prob. 19CQCh. 16 - Prob. 20CQCh. 16 - Prob. 21CQCh. 16 - Prob. 22CQCh. 16 - Prob. 23CQCh. 16 - Prob. 24CQCh. 16 - Prob. 25CQCh. 16 - Prob. 26CQCh. 16 - Prob. 27CQCh. 16 - Prob. 28CQCh. 16 - Compare the energy released by a small atomic bomb...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2PEACh. 16 - Prob. 3PEACh. 16 - Prob. 4PEACh. 16 - Prob. 5PEACh. 16 - Prob. 6PEACh. 16 - Prob. 7PEACh. 16 - Prob. 8PEACh. 16 - Prob. 9PEACh. 16 - Prob. 10PEACh. 16 - Prob. 1PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 2PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 3PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 4PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 5PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 6PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 7PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 8PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 9PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 10PEB
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- The 1906 San Francisco earthquake had a magnitude of 7.9 on the MMS scale. Around the same time there was an earthquake in South America with magnitude 6.3 that caused only minor damage. How many times more intense was the earth movement in San Francisco earthquake than the South American one?arrow_forwardOn August 17, 1983, an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.3 in the Richter scale hit the province of llocos Norte. This was the most sever earthquake in North - western Luzon in 52 years and probably the second largest earthquake to hit Laoag City and its immediate vicinity in historical times (Source: philvocs.dost.gov.ph). How much energy was released by the earthquake? A 2.24 x 1012 joules В 8.51 x 10' joules © 2.42 x 1012 joules D 8.15 x 107 joulesarrow_forwardA seismic station located 60 km from the epicenter of an earthquake, recorded the maximum height of the S-waves to be 50 mm. What was the Richter magnitude of this earthquake?arrow_forward
- The intensity of a wave of an earthquake is measured as 9 J/m². At a different point 8.6 km away from the first point the intensity is reduced by 20%. At what distance from the centre of the earthquake is the first intensity measured. Please give your result in km with 1 decimal. (The centre of the earthquake, the first point and the second point should all be in one straight line).arrow_forwardCalculate the surface wave magnitude MS for an earthquake with IMM of VII, in an area that can be approximated by a circle with radius 20 km for a site at the borders of the given isoseismal. This site is located in the western United States. Compare the ensuing value with the estimations from relationships with other magnitude scales. Calculate the fault surface displacements. Assume that the earthquake mechanism is normal faulting.arrow_forwardAn earthquake occurs 6,875 km from a seismograph. The P-waves arrive 11.6 minutes later. How fast is the P-wave traveling (in km/s)? If the lag time between P- and S-waves is 10.8 minutes, how fast are the S-waves traveling (in km/s)? Using the shadow of S-waves you determine that the radius of the core is 55% of the Earth's 6,378-km radius. How many kilometers from the surface is this (in km)? To calculate how fast the P-waves are traveling, we need to divide the distance the waves travel by the time. vP = d s vP = km/sarrow_forward
- A recent magnitude 6.0 Earthquake was recorded. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy released in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules)).arrow_forwardRecall the formula for calculating the magnitude of an earthquake, M = E Eo earthquake has magnitude 3.9 on the MMS scale. If a second earthquake has 800 times as much energy log One as the first, find the magnitude of the second quake. Round to the nearest hundredth. The magnitude of the second earthquake was Numberarrow_forwarda) Calculate the speed of a tsunami (in meters per second), assuming an average ocean depth of 4000marrow_forward
- A strong R = 6.2 magnitude earthquake struck off a group of islands, where R is the Richter number. Its intensity is of the form I=aR. Find a. (Enter an exact number.)arrow_forwardIf the time interval between the arrival of P and S is 10 seconds, how far away did the earthquake originate? Assume an average velocity of P of 6km/s and for S of 4km/s.arrow_forwardThe average elevation of Arabian peninsula (freeboard) is f=400 m. Considering that the oceanic crust is h=5 km of thickness and the sea average depth is D= 3700 m. (pc=2700 kg/m3, po=3000 kg/m3, pm=3300 kg/m3 pw=1000 kg/m3) What is the thickness H of the continental crust. B. If the Musandam has an average elevation of 800 m. How much is the thickness below Musandam considering stacking of sedimentary layers and not erosion.arrow_forward
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