Figure 16.15 shows a pV diagram for a
Figure 16.15
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- One process for decaffeinating coffee uses carbon dioxide ( M=44.0 g/mol) at a molar density of about 14,0 mol/m3 and a temperature of about 60 . (a) Is CO2 a solid, liquid, gas, or supercritical fluid under those conditions? (b) The van der Waals constants for carbon dioxide are a=0.3658 Pa m6/mol2 and b=4.286105 m3/mol. Using the van der Waals equation, estimate pressure of CO2 at that temperature and density. `arrow_forwardProblem 11: A diatomic ideal gas goes through the cycle a → b → c → d → a as shown in the figure. Processes ab and cd are isothermal and occur at temperatures TH = 390 K and TC = 288K, respectively. There are n = 45 moles of this gas in the system, and the initial volume is Va = 0.079 m3. Part (a) Calculate the work Wab, in joules, done by the gas during the process a → b. Part (b) Calculate the work Wbc done by the gas, in joules, during the process b → c. Part (c) Calculate the total work W done in the entire cycle, in joules. Part (d) Calculate the total heat Q, in joules, flowing into the gas in a complete cycle.arrow_forwardA sample containing 1.0 mole of oxygen gas initially at 45 degrees Celsius is heated to 110 degrees Celsius under isobaric conditions. From these given data, answer the questions that follows. What is the sample's change in internal energy (in KiloJoules)? What is the sample's change in enthalpy (in KiloJoules)?arrow_forward
- 2 moles of a monatomic ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process as depicted in the figure below. The processes AB and CD are isobaric and the process DA is adiabatic. For the given values PA= 11.5 atm, VA= 5.7 L, V3= 2.85 L, Pc=34.5 atm, and Vc=1.476 L answer the following questions. (use R=8.314 J 1 atm = 1.013x105 Pa, 1 L = 10-3 m³) . mol · K' Volume 1. Calculate the temperature TA= K 2. What type of process is the process BC? 3. Calculate the work done by the gas in the process DA. WDA = 4. Calculate the magnitude of the net heat entering the cycle. Q = 5. Calculate the magnitude of the net heat leaving the cycle. Qc = 6. Calculate the net work done by the gas. W= 7. Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle. e = % 8. Calculate the change in the entropy in the process AB. Include the sign (positive or negative) in your answer as well. ASAB = Karrow_forwardA gas expands from I to F in the figure below. The energy added to the gas by heat is 422 J when the gas goes from I to F along the diagonal path. Three paths are plotted on a PV diagram, which has a horizontal axis labeled V (liters), and a vertical axis labeled P (atm). The green path starts at point I (2,4), extends vertically down to point B (2,1), then extends horizontally to point F (4,1). The blue path starts at point I (2,4), and extends down and to the right to end at point F (4,1). The orange path starts at point I (2,4), extends horizontally to the right to point A (4,4), then extends vertically down to end at point F (4,1). (a) What is the change in internal energy of the gas? J(b) How much energy must be added to the gas by heat for the indirect path IAF to give the same change in internal energy? Jarrow_forwardA container is filled with an ideal diatomic gas to a pressure and volume of P₁ and V₁, respectively. The gas is then warmed in a two-step process that increases the pressure by a factor of four and the volume by a factor of five. Determine the amount of energy transferred to the gas by heat if the first step is carried out at constant volume and the second step at constant pressure. (Use any variable or symbol stated above as necessary.) Q =arrow_forward
- 1 moles of a diatomic ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process as depicted in the figure below. The processes AB and CD are isobaric and the process DA is adiabatic. For the given values PA= 11.5 atm, VA= 6.5 L, V3= 3.25 L, Pc= 23 atm, and Vc=1.981 L answer the following questions. J (use R=8.314 1 atm = 1.013x105 Pa, 1 L= 10-3 m3) mol · K' Volume 1. Calculate the temperature TA K 2. What type of process is the process BC? 3. Calculate the work done by the gas in the process DA.WDA = 4. Calculate the magnitude of the net heat entering the cycle. |QH|=| 5. Calculate the magnitude of the net heat leaving the cycle. |Qcl = 6. Calculate the net work done by the gas. EW= 7. Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle. e = 8. Calculate the change in the entropy in the process AB. Include the sign (positive or negative) in Pressurearrow_forwardAn ideal monatomic gas is taken through the cycle in the PV diagram. where V1 = 1.20, V2 = 2.40, P1 = 98.0 kPa and P2 = 230 kPa. What is the change in internal energy of the gas as it is taken from A to B? How much work is done on this gas per cycle? What is the total change in internal energy of this gas in one cycle?arrow_forwardA container is filled with an ideal diatomic gas to a pressure and volume of P1 and V1, respectively. The gas is then warmed in a two-step process that increases the pressure by a factor of two and the volume by a factor of three. Determine the amount of energy transferred to the gas by heat if the first step is carried out at constant volume and the second step at constant pressure. (Use any variable or symbol stated above as necessary.)arrow_forward
- Converting sunlight to electricity with solar cells has an efficiency of 15%. It's possible to achieve a higher efficiency (though currently at higher cost) by using concentrated sunlight as the hot reservoir of a heat engine. Each dish in (Figure 1) concentrates sunlight on one side of a heat engine, producing a hot-reservoir temperature of 560 ∘C. The cold reservoir, ambient air, is approximately 30 ∘C. The actual working efficiency of this device is 30%. What is the theoretical maximum efficiency?arrow_forwardA gas expands from I to F in the figure below. The energy added to the gas by heat is 276 J when the gas goes from I to F along the diagonal path. A pressure-volume graph consists of points and line segments plotted on a coordinate plane, where the horizontal axis is V (liters)and the vertical axis is P (atm). Three points are plotted: point I at (2, 4) point A at (4, 4) point F at (4, 1) Line segments connect the three points to form a triangle. Arrows along the line segments point from I to A, from A to F, and from I to F. (a) What is the change in internal energy of the gas? J (b) How much energy must be added to the gas by heat along the indirect path IAF?arrow_forwardCompressed air can be pumped underground into huge caverns as a form of energy storage. The volume of a cavern is 6.3 x 105 m³, 5 and the pressure of the air in it is 7.4 × 106 Pa. Assume that air is a diatomic ideal gas whose internal energy U is given by U = nRT. If one home uses 30.0 kWh of energy per day, how many homes could this internal energy serve for one day?arrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning