Concept explainers
To explain: The reasons that would make a researcher choose one technique of developing phylogenies from DNA sequence data over another amongst parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference.
Introduction: Evolution is a continuous process and different methods have been developed to establish significant evolutionary relationships between different species. Based on the requirement and the method adopted, molecular and morphological data is analyzed and inferred for the development of the phylogenetics. Some of the methods that are used for development of the phylogenetic tree are parsimony method, maximum likelihood method, and Bayesian method.
To explain: Advantages and disadvantages of parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference method for developing phylogenies.
Introduction: Evolution is a continuous process and different methods have been developed to establish significant evolutionary relationships between different species. Based on the requirement and the method adopted, molecular and morphological data is analyzed and inferred for the development of the phylogenetics. Some of the methods that are used for development of phylogenetic tree are: parsimony method, maximum likelihood method, and Bayesian method.
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Check out a sample textbook solution- Construct a cladogram that provides one hypothesis about the evolutionary history for these 6 taxa. Be sure to map each of the character states for every taxon represented in the character matrix. See tips below to help get you started. You can insert a photo of a hand drawn cladogram or create one on your device. Keep in mind that cladograms are hypotheses, there are many different cladograms that can be constructed. a) Which characteristics were identified as homoplasies on your cladogram? b) Now that your tree has been constructed, how confident do you feel in your hypothesis and why?arrow_forwardBriefly describe differences among the distance approach, the maximum parsimony approach, and the maximum likelihood approach to the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees.arrow_forwardExplain the difference between maximum Parsimony and maximum likelihood, when used in computing phylogenetic trees.arrow_forward
- You are evaluating five phylogenetic trees generated from a single cladistics analysis. Tree A shows 21 evolutionary events (i.e. the evolution of a shared, derived trait), Tree B shows 7 events, Tree C shows 18 events, Tree D shows 10 events, and Tree E shows 9 events. Which tree is most likely the correct one? Group of answer choices Tree A Tree D Tree B Tree E Tree Carrow_forwardDoes the use of DNA sequences in the study of evolutionary relationships mean that other characteristics are unimportant in such studies? Discuss what other forms of evidence you may still want to use, along with when and why those other forms of evidence would be especially helpful.arrow_forwardImagine you are a paleontologist trying to find the “missing link” between different species. In three to five sentences, create a fictional narrative about your discoveries, describing: 1) what two species, mythical or real, you are studying, 2) what evidence you have linking these species, and 3) what evidence you have to define different correlations and causations that support your hypothesis.arrow_forward
- List the differences between distance-based and character-based methods for constructing a phylogenetic tree. Which type is maximum parsimony? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardThe approach to estimating phylogenetic trees is most like the approach of which species concept? 2) A) Morphological species concept B) Biological species conceptC) Subspecies concept D) Phylogenetic species concept Then explain why the answer is correct and the rest are inccorect.arrow_forwardhow can a scientist use dna taken from three different organisms to construct a cladogram?arrow_forward
- Explain your answer in some depth and avoid just saying "It is A" or It is B. Defend your answer and explain why you choice that answer choice. Question: Domestic dogs would least likely meet the definition of a single species using which concept? Group of answer choices A) Lineage B) Biological C) Morphological D) Domestic dogs are not a single species according to any of the species concept definitions.arrow_forwardWhen constructing phylogenetic trees, what is the purpose of applying maximum parsimony? Parsimony allows the researcher to "root" the tree. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious tree requires the maximum evolutionary events. The outgroup roots the tree, allowing the principle of parsimony to be applied. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious is the one that uses the simplest explanation of evolutionary events.arrow_forwardLocate two instances of Darwinian evolution being misrepresented by a Lamarckian approach in the media (print, electronic, etc.). Give the following information for both.Its beginnings?arrow_forward
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