Concept explainers
To explain: The reasons favoring and opposing the use of morphological data in phylogenetic reconstruction.
Introduction: During this era of comparative genomics, it seems that there is not that much sense in the reconstruction of phylogenies using data obtained from morphological studies. Use of only the molecular data has not been able to answer all the questions that arise during the phylogenetic reconstruction of a species. Morphological data is very helpful in making strong phylogenetic relations of an organism with its possible ancestral species.
To explain: The instances where morphological data is especially important in phylogenetic reconstruction.
Introduction: During this era of comparative genomics, it seems that there is not that much sense in the reconstruction of phylogenies using data obtained by morphological studies. Use of only the molecular data has not been able to answer all the questions that arise during the phylogenetic reconstruction of a species. Morphological data is very helpful in making strong phylogenetic relations of an organism with its possible ancestral species.
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Check out a sample textbook solution- When constructing phylogenetic trees, what is the purpose of applying maximum parsimony? Parsimony allows the researcher to "root" the tree. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious tree requires the maximum evolutionary events. The outgroup roots the tree, allowing the principle of parsimony to be applied. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious is the one that uses the simplest explanation of evolutionary events.arrow_forwardBased on the information from the following table and the provided phylogenetic tree, what kind of species classification is shown? A B C D E F G H 1 J K L M N O Form of Male Genitalia 1 1 L L L L L L L L L L L L L r T Pits) or Tubercles E P P T T T T T P P P P P Р P P O Phenetic Species Concept O Blological Species Concept O Phylogenetic Species Concept O Sympatric Species Concept Blayple (OUTGROUP) beaver Dan, AZ -Twentynine Paime, CA -Harkavilla, UT D-Chilchinbio, NM -Vermilion Cas. AZ 64 -F-Mone Lake, CA -G-Coral Pink Danes, UT H-Pyramid Lake, N -Crescent Dunes, MV Meno Lake CA -K-Olancha CA -Olancha, CA --Winnemucca, NV -El Mirage, CA Lo-Dumont Dunes, CA Form of dorsal ridges M₁ M₁ FFFFFFFFFF M Ma M₂ M₂arrow_forwardA phylogenetic tree is a branching diagram that shows the evolutionary relationship among different biological species or genes or organisms from a common ancestor. They are used as a research tool in various fields. All of the provided statements are true regarding phylogenetic trees, except? It is considered as a hypothesis of the evolutionary path. It is a tool that shows the evolutionary pathway. It shows evolutionary history through common ancestors. It shows only the phenotypic similarity.arrow_forward
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- Define homology and homoplasy and explain their connection to the concept of parsimony in phylogenetic analysis. Provide an example of each and discuss the challenges they may present when inferring evolutionary relationships.arrow_forwardShould more weight should be given to genetic data or to information derived from comparative anatomy (phenotypes) in regard to taxonomic classification?arrow_forwardA phylogeny of 5 species of birds is shown below with values for three different phenotypic traits for each species shown in the rows above (e.g., species A has a wide, long beak and red tail, while species C has a narrow, very long beak and a green tail). DNA sequencing of tissue samples found buried in a freezer confirms that an extremely rare and reclusive species (D) is a sister species of E, but preserved samples of entire individuals of species D have been lost, the original collector of the samples has passed away, and no individuals of species D have subsequently been seen in the wild. In other words, we have no idea what species D looks like. Employing the principle of parsimony, which of the following conclusions is MOST appropriate for the likely values of these traits in species D? Beak width: wide wide ?? narrow narrow Beak length: long long ?? long very long Tail colour: red blue ?? green green A E a) wide beak, very long beak, green tail b) narrow beak, long beak, all…arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true regarding vestigial traits? A) They represent transitional character states for example between the presence or absence of a feature. B) They help to support proposed phylogenetic placement. C) They are likely present because there is no fitness cost to their retention or because they are in the process of being removed due to light selective pressure. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.arrow_forwardBelow are phylogenetic trees depicting the relationships among four species, A, B, C, and D. Which of the following statements is correct? ABCD ADCB DCBA D CAB (1) (2) (3) (4) Tree (1) and Tree (2) are the same tree. Tree (2) and Tree (4) are the same tree. Tree (2) and Tree (3) are the same tree. All four trees are in fact the same tree. All four trees are in fact different trees.arrow_forwardBeyond the Biological sciences, can other disciplines utilize the methods of phylogenetic systematics? please explainarrow_forward
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