Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780534420123
Author: Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 16.54QE
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pH during the titration of 10.00mLof0.400M hypochlorous acid with 0.500MKOH after the addition of 0%,50%,95%,100%,and105% of the base needed to reach the equivalence point has to be calculated.  The titration curve has to be drawn and four regions of importance have to be labeled.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

The volume of base required to reach the equivalence point can be calculated as given below.

  N1V1=N2V2V1=N2V2N1=0.400M×10mL0.500M=8mL

The addition of 0%,50%,95%,100%,and105% of the base needed to reach the equivalent point means 0%,50%,95%,100%,and105% of 8mL.

  0%×8mL=0mL50%×8mL=4mL95%×8mL=7.6mL100%×8mL=8mL105%×8mL=8.4mL

Addition of 0mLof0.500MNaOH to 10.00mLof0.400MHOCl:

HOCl is a weak acid.  The initial point in the titration when the base is not added to the system, the system is a weak acid system.

The iCe table can be set up to calculate the pH of the solution.

  HOCl+H2OH3O++OCli(M)0.40000C(M)y+y+ye(M)0.400yyy

The Ka value for HOCl is 4.0×108.  The expression for Ka can be written as given below,

  Ka=[H3O+][OCl][HOCl]=4.0×108y2(0.400y)=4.0×108

This can be solved by approximation.  If y0.400, then

  y24.0×108×0.400=1.6×108y=1.6×108=1.26×104=[H3O+]

The pH of the solution can be calculated as given below.

  pH=log[H3O+]=log(1.26×104)=3.89.

Addition of 4mLof0.500MNaOH to 10.00mLof0.400MHOCl:

The neutralization reaction can be written as given,

  HOCl(aq)+OH(aq)OCl(aq)+H2O(l)

Calculation of milimole of acid and base:

  AmountofHOCl=10.00mL×(0.400milimolH3O+mL)=4milimolAmountofOH=4.00mL×(0.500milimolOHmL)=2milimol

Making of sRfc table:

The table can be formed as shown below.

The molar ratio of acid and base is 1:1. So the limiting reactant is OH ion.

  HOCl+OHOCl+H2Os(mmol)420ExcessR(mmol)22+2+2f(mmol)202Excess

All the strong base is consumed.  There are weak acid (HOCl) and its conjugate base (OCl) in the solution.  So this solution is a buffer.  By using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, it’s pH can be calculated.

  pH=pKa+lognbna=pKa+log22=pKa+0=pKa=log(Ka)=log(4.0×108)=7.34

Addition of 7.6mLof0.500MNaOH to 10.00mLof0.400MHOCl:

Calculation of milimole of acid and base:

  AmountofHOCl=10.00mL×(0.400milimolH3O+mL)=4milimolAmountofOH=7.6mL×(0.500milimolOHmL)=3.8milimol

Making of sRfc table:

The table can be formed as shown below.

The molar ratio of acid and base is 1:1. So the limiting reactant is OH ion.

  HOCl+OHOCl+H2Os(mmol)43.80ExcessR(mmol)3.83.8+3.8+3.8f(mmol)0.203.8Excess

All the strong base is consumed.  There are weak acid (HOCl) and its conjugate base (OCl) in the solution.  So this solution is an acidic buffer.  By using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, it’s pH can be calculated.

  pH=pKa+lognbna=pKa+log3.80.2=pKa+1.278=log(Ka)+1.278=log(4.0×108)+1.278=7.34+1.278=8.62.

Addition of 8mLof0.500MNaOH to 10.00mLof0.400MHOCl:

Calculation of milimoles of acid and base and total volume:

  AmountofHOCl=10.00mL×(0.400milimolH3O+mL)=4milimolAmountofOH=8mL×(0.500milimolOHmL)=4milimolTotalvolume=18mL

Making of sRfc table:

The table can be formed as shown below.

The molar ratio of acid and base is 1:1.

  HOCl+OHOCl+H2Os(mmol)440ExcessR(mmol)44+4+4f(mmol)004Excessc(M)000.2222Excess

Both H3O+ and OH ions have been completely consumed, the titration is at the equivalence point.  There is only the conjugate base and water in the solution.

The iCe table can be set up to calculate the pH of the solution.

OCl+H2OHOCl+OHi(M)0.222200C(M)y+y+ye(M)0.2222yyy

The expression for Kb can be written as given below,

  Kb=[HOCl][OH][OCl]=y2(0.2222y)

The value of Kb can be calculated as given below.

  Kb=KwKa=1.0×10144.0×108=0.25×106

This can be solved by approximation.  If y0.2222, then

  y20.25×106×0.2222=0.056×106y=0.056×106=2.4×104=[OH]

The pH of the solution can be calculated as given below.

  pOH=log[OH]=log(2.4×104)=3.62pH+pOH=14pH=14pOH=143.62=10.38

Addition of 8.4mLof0.500MNaOH to 10.00mLof0.400MHOCl:

Calculation of milimoles of acid and base and total volume:

  AmountofHOCl=10.00mL×(0.400milimolH3O+mL)=4milimolAmountofOH=8.4mL×(0.500milimolOHmL)=4.2milimolTotalvolume=18.4mL

Making of sRfc table:

The table can be formed as shown below.

The molar ratio of acid and base is 1:1. So the limiting reactant is H3O+ ion.

HOCl+OHOCl+H2Os(mmol)44.20ExcessR(mmol)44+4+4f(mmol)00.24Excessc(M)00.0110.217Excess

Now, the pH of the system can be calculated as given below.

  pOH=log[OH]=log(0.011)=1.96pH+pOH=14pH=14pOH=141.96=12.04

Titration curve:

The titration curve is plotted between volume of base added and the corresponding pH values.

  VolumeofNaOH(mL)pH03.8947.347.68.62810.388.412.04

The titration curve with four important regions is given below.

Chemistry: Principles and Practice, Chapter 16, Problem 16.54QE

Figure

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Chapter 16 Solutions

Chemistry: Principles and Practice

Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.14QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.15QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.16QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.17QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.18QECh. 16 - Calculate the pH during the titration of 100.0 mL...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.20QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.21QECh. 16 - Calculate the pH during the titration of 50.00 mL...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.23QECh. 16 - Calculate the pH during the titration of 50.00 mL...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.25QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.26QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.27QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.28QECh. 16 - Calculate the pH of solutions that are 0.25 M...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.30QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.31QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.32QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.35QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.36QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.37QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.38QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.39QECh. 16 - How many grams of sodium acetate must be added to...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.41QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.42QECh. 16 - A buffer solution that is 0.100 M acetate ion and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.44QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.45QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.46QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.47QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.48QECh. 16 - Estimate the pH that results when the following...Ch. 16 - Estimate the pH that results when the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.51QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.52QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.53QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.54QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.55QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.56QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.57QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.58QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.59QECh. 16 - Consider all acid-base indicators discussed in...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.61QECh. 16 - Chloropropionic acid, ClCH2CH2COOH, is a weak...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.63QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.64QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.65QECh. 16 - Write the chemical equilibrium and expression for...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of 0.010 M ascorbic acid.Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.68QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.69QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.70QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.71QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.72QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.73QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.74QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.75QECh. 16 - Which compound in each pair is more soluble in...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.77QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.78QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.79QECh. 16 - Calculate the pH of each of the following...Ch. 16 - Write the chemical equation and the expression for...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.82QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.83QECh. 16 - Phenolphthalein is a commonly used indicator that...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.85QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.86QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.87QECh. 16 - Determine the dominant acid-base equilibrium that...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.89QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.90QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.91QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.92QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.93QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.94QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.95QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.96QECh. 16 - Prob. 16.97QECh. 16 - A monoprotic organic acid that has a molar mass of...Ch. 16 - A scientist has synthesized a diprotic organic...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.100QECh. 16 - What is a good indicator to use in the titration...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.102QECh. 16 - A bottle of concentrated hydroiodic acid is 57% HI...
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