(a) Interpretation: The chirality center in the molecule of propranolol should be labeled. Concept Introduction: Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry . The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Question

Bile salts are derivative of cholestrol. However, the solubilities of these compounds in water are drastically different; cholestrol is highly hydrophobic, and the bile salts are soluble in digestive juices. Explain the differences.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15.5, Problem 15.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chirality center in the molecule of propranolol should be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of Propranolol molecule should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The enantiomer of Propranolol molecule that can show binding with chiral receptor should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

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Bile salts are derivative of cholestrol. However, the solubilities of these compounds in water are drastically different; cholestrol is highly hydrophobic, and the bile salts are soluble in digestive juices. Explain the differences.

Ephedrine, a stimulant and illegal drug is an optically active compound with two chiral centers. OH NHCH3 CH3 Ephedrine a. In the structure of ephedrine on the answer sheet, mark each chiral center with an asterisk. b. How many stereoisomer/s does ephedrine have? Show necessary solutions on the answer sheet. c. Compound EPS is a stereoisomer of ephedrine. Determine the absolute configuration (R or S) at carbons A and B of compound EPS.

Explain the concept of chirality in organic chemistry, its significance in drug design, and the difference between enantiomers and diastereomers.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15.5, Problem 15.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chirality center in the molecule of propranolol should be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of Propranolol molecule should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The enantiomer of Propranolol molecule that can show binding with chiral receptor should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15.5, Problem 15.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chirality center in the molecule of propranolol should be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of Propranolol molecule should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The enantiomer of Propranolol molecule that can show binding with chiral receptor should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15.5, Problem 15.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chirality center in the molecule of propranolol should be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of Propranolol molecule should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The enantiomer of Propranolol molecule that can show binding with chiral receptor should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15.5, Problem 15.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chirality center in the molecule of propranolol should be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of Propranolol molecule should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The enantiomer of Propranolol molecule that can show binding with chiral receptor should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

Answer 6

Chapter 15.5, Problem 15.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chirality center in the molecule of propranolol should be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Answer 7

Chapter 15.5, Problem 15.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chirality center in the molecule of propranolol should be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of Propranolol molecule should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of Propranolol molecule should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The enantiomer of Propranolol molecule that can show binding with chiral receptor should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The enantiomer of Propranolol molecule that can show binding with chiral receptor should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the compounds that are mainly composed of C and H atoms. The branch of chemistry that deals with the preparation, reactions and properties of organic compounds called organic chemistry. The molecular formula of an organic compound represents the number of bonded atoms with their atomic symbols. The structural formula represents all the bonded atoms with chemical bonds and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. The compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are called isomers. Isomers can be classified as constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers can be defined as the pair of molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula. Stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula, but they have different arrangements of atoms in the three-dimensional space.

Optical isomers are type of stereoisomers which have same molecular and structural formula butdifferent arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The essential condition for a molecule to be optical isomer is the presence of chiral carbon atom.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 15.1P Ch. 15.1 - For trans-2-hexene: (a) draw a stereoisomer; (b)...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.3P Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.4P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.5P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.6P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.7P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.8P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.9P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that organic compounds are composed of C and H atoms, and their molecular and structural formulas are called isomers.

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