Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Assign oxidation number to Al
Concept Introduction: The rules for assigning oxidation number to elements are:
- For an element in its free state it is assigned an oxidation number of zero.
- Monatomic ions have oxidation number that is equal to charge of the monatomic ion.
- Alkali metals have +1 oxidation number, alkaline earth metals have +2 oxidation number and halogens are assigned -1 oxidation number.
- In most compounds H is assigned a +1 oxidation number and O is assigned a -2 oxidation number.
- For a neutral compound the summation of oxidation numbers of all elements in the compound is zero.
If the oxidation number of an element increases then it undergoes oxidation and if the oxidation number of the element decreases then it undergoes reduction.
(b)
Interpretation: Assign oxidation number to Al3+
Concept Introduction: The rules for assigning oxidation number to elements are:
- For an element in its free state it is assigned an oxidation number of zero.
- Monatomic ions have oxidation number that is equal to charge of the monatomic ion.
- Alkali metals have +1 oxidation number, alkaline earth metals have +2 oxidation number and halogens are assigned -1 oxidation number.
- In most compounds H is assigned a +1 oxidation number and O is assigned a -2 oxidation number.
- For a neutral compound the summation of oxidation numbers of all elements in the compound is zero.
If the oxidation number of an element increases then it undergoes oxidation and if the oxidation number of the element decreases then it undergoes reduction.
(c)
Interpretation: Assign oxidation number to F-
Concept Introduction: The rules for assigning oxidation number to elements are:
- For an element in its free state it is assigned an oxidation number of zero.
- Monatomic ions have oxidation number that is equal to charge of the monatomic ion.
- Alkali metals have +1 oxidation number, alkaline earth metals have +2 oxidation number and halogens are assigned -1 oxidation number.
- In most compounds H is assigned a +1 oxidation number and O is assigned a -2 oxidation number.
- For a neutral compound the summation of oxidation numbers of all elements in the compound is zero.
If the oxidation number of an element increases then it undergoes oxidation and if the oxidation number of the element decreases then it undergoes reduction.
(d)
Interpretation: Assign oxidation number to N2
Concept Introduction: The rules for assigning oxidation number to elements are:
- For an element in its free state it is assigned an oxidation number of zero.
- Monatomic ions have oxidation number that is equal to charge of the monatomic ion.
- Alkali metals have +1 oxidation number, alkaline earth metals have +2 oxidation number and halogens are assigned -1 oxidation number.
- In most compounds H is assigned a +1 oxidation number and O is assigned a -2 oxidation number.
- For a neutral compound the summation of oxidation numbers of all elements in the compound is zero.
If the oxidation number of an element increases then it undergoes oxidation and if the oxidation number of the element decreases then it undergoes reduction.
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Basic Chemistry
- 5 items multiple choice 35. What is the oxidation number of chlorine in HClO4? A. +1 B. +6 C. +7 D. -8 36. How many electrons were lost/gained in the following redox reaction 2K2Cr2O7 + 2H2O + 3S 4KOH + 2Cr2O3 + 3SO2? A. 2 B. 3 C. 6 D. 12 37. In the reaction, Fe2+ + Cr2O72- Fe3+ + Cr3+, which is involved in oxidation? A. Fe B. Cr2O7 C. Cr D. O 38. Which of the following half reactions in CORRECT? A. I2 + 1e- I- B. Cu2+ + 2e- Cu+ C. Zn2+ + 2e- Zn D. 2H+ + 2e- H2- 39. The following are examples of spontaneous reactions EXCEPT A. Water freezes spontaneously below 0ᵒC, and ice melts spontaneously above 0ᵒC. B. Heat flows from a colder one but reverse happens spontaneously. C. A waterfall runs downhill, but never up spontaneously. D. A lump of sugar spontaneously dissolves in a cup of coffee, but dissolved sugar does not spontaneously reappear in its original form. 40. For an equilibrium process, the free-energy change ∆G is A. less than zero. B. greater than zero. C. equal to…arrow_forwardIn which two compounds does nitrogen have the same oxidation number? N₂O3 and HNO3 N₂O5 and HNO3 NO₂ and N₂03 N₂O4 and HNO2 HNO2 and NH3 A. B. C. D. E.arrow_forwardAssign oxidation numbers to each atom in the following: a. P4O6 b. BiO3 − c. N2H4 d. Mg(BrO4)2 e. MnSO4 f. Mn(SO4)2arrow_forward
- What is the oxidation state of element X in the compound H3X30? a. +3 b. +2 с. +1 d. 0 е. -1 f. -2 g. -3arrow_forwardFind the oxidation number of: A. nitrogen in NO B. bromine in Br2 C. manganese in Mn? 2+arrow_forward9. What is the oxidation state of phosphorus (P) in sodium phosphate, ??,?? ,? A. +5 B. +3 C. 0 D. -3 E. -5arrow_forward
- the oxidation number of sulfur atoms in thiosulfate O a. 2 O b. 2, 8 O c. 0, 4 O d. -2, 8arrow_forwardThe oxidation number of chromium in sodium chromite, NaCrO2, is A. -1 B. -2 C. +2 D. +1 E. +3arrow_forwardDetermine the oxidation number of SS in H2SO3H2SO3 A. +4 B. +7 C. +3 D. +5 E. +6arrow_forward
- 2. Assign an oxidation state to each atom in the following compounds: a. H₂O b. K₂O c. MgH₂ ✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰arrow_forwardIn the following reaction, the oxidation number of Fe changes from ____ to ____. Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 a. doesn't change (tidak berubah) b. +2, 0 c. 0, +2 d. +3, 0 e. 0, +3arrow_forward14. What is the oxidation number of N in NO2-1? C. -2 15. What is oxidation number of Cr in Cr2072-? а. -3 b. +4 d. +3 а. -2 b. +2 С. +6 d. +12arrow_forward
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781285199030Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning