Microbiology: A Systems Approach
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259706615
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 4MCQ
The cross-linkage of antigens by antibodies is known as
- a. opsonization.
- b. a cross-reaction.
- c. agglutination.
- d. complement fixation.
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which one of the following properties of antibodies is NOT dependant on the structure of the heavy-chain constant region?
A. ability to cross the placenta
B. isotype (class of antibody)
C. ability to fix complement
D. affinity for drug
The region of an antibody that is the antigen binding site is thea. constant region. b. variable region. c. heavy chain.
d. light chain.
e. hinge region.
The cross-linkage of antigenic cells by antibodies is known asa. opsonization
b. a cross-reaction
c. agglutinationd. complement fixation
Chapter 15 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Ch. 15.1 - Describe how the third line of defense is...Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 2AYPCh. 15.1 - Discuss four major functions of immune system...Ch. 15.1 - Define the role of the major histocompatibility...Ch. 15.1 - Compare and contrast the process of antigen...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 15.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 15.2 - Outline the processes of clonal selection and...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 9AYPCh. 15.3 - Compare the terms antigen and epitope.
Ch. 15.3 - List characteristics of antigens that optimize...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 15.3 - List the types of cells that can act as...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 15.4 - Diagram the steps of B-cell activation, and list...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 15.5 - Explain the role of cytotoxic T cells in...Ch. 15.6 - Diagram an antibody binding antigen, and list the...Ch. 15.6 - List the five types of antibodies and important...Ch. 15.6 - Draw and label a graph illustrating the...Ch. 15.7 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 15.7 - Discuss the qualities of an effective vaccine.Ch. 15.7 - List several types of vaccines, and discuss how...Ch. 15.7 - Explain the principle of herd immunity and the...Ch. 15 - The primary B-cell receptor is a. IgD. b. IgA. c....Ch. 15 - In humans. B cells mature in the _________, and T...Ch. 15 - Small, simple molecules are ________ antigens. a....Ch. 15 - The cross-linkage of antigens by antibodies is...Ch. 15 - T cells assist in the functions of certain B cells...Ch. 15 - TC cells are important in controlling a. virus...Ch. 15 - Which of the following can serve as...Ch. 15 - A vaccine that contains parts of viruses is called...Ch. 15 - Conjugated vaccines combine antigens and a....Ch. 15 - Widespread immunity that protects the population...Ch. 15 - Cell surface markers are also often called...Ch. 15 - Antibodies are secreted by monocytes.Ch. 15 - Vaccination could be described as artificial...Ch. 15 - IgE antibodies are found in body secretions.Ch. 15 - Prob. 15TFCh. 15 - Explain the two main features that characterize...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 15 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 15 - Provide an explanation to refute the following...Ch. 15 - a. Explain how the anamnestic response is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1VCCh. 15 - Using the words that follow, please create a...
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- Which of the following is not a function of antibodies? Select one: a. They neutralize pathogens by masking the pathogen surface. b. They act as molecular adaptors that bridge together pathogen and phagocyte surfaces. c. They exert toxic effects directly. d. They act as opsonins that mediate phagocytosis. e. They activate complement fixation.arrow_forwardA 41-year-old man has a penetrating injury to his right eye. A month later he has worsening vision in his left eye. Through which of the following immunoogic mechanisms has his vision in the left eye been reduced? a.Release of sequestered antigens b.Hypogammaglobulinemia c.Molecular mimicry d.T lymphocyte anergyarrow_forwardMonoclonal antibodies recognize a single: a. Antigen b. Bacterium c. Epitope d. B cell e. Virusarrow_forward
- Immunoglobins help eliminate the pathogen through the process of: A. Release of hydrolytic enzymes on the pathogen B. Agglutination and precipitation C. Direct phagocytosis D. Activating plateletsarrow_forwardThe followings are functions of antibody eliminating unknown particles or cells which enter into the body, except... A. Attach to the active side of particle or cell that enters into the body B. Make easier of macrophage to phagositosize unknown particle or cell that enters the body C. Precipitate the unknown particle that dissolves in body fluid D. Initiate the working system of complement E. Eliminate bacteria that grows on endosome of macropahgearrow_forwardThe capsule of the infecting microorganism which is composed of polysaccharides can also activate complement directly in the absence of A. Antibody via Alternative pathway B. Antibody via metabolic pathway C. Antigen via Alternative pathway D. None of the abovearrow_forward
- Define the following terms:a. T cellsb. B cellsc. cellular immunityd. humoral immunitye. myoadenylate deaminase deficiencyarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true regarding the alternative complement pathway? It can be triggered by infectious agent in absence of antibody. а. b. It does not require C1, C2 or C4. с. It cannot be initiated unless C3b fragments are already present. d. It has the terminal sequence of events as the lectin pathway.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true for antigen presentation. a. Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells. b. Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells c. Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface. d. Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells e. Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation f. Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation g. T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells. h. Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activationarrow_forward
- Which of these statements about the Fab portion of antibodies is true? a.It binds to antigens. b.Its amino acid sequences are variable. c. It consists of both H and L chains. d. All of these are true.arrow_forwardSynthesis of antibodies is part of: a. Innate immunity b. Adaptive immunity c. Active Passive immunity d. Artiicial passive immunityarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best characterizes interferons? A. Interferons are a nonspecific defense used to respond to viruses. B. Interferons are part of the humoral immune response against viruses. C. Interferons are part of the humoral immune response against bacteria. D. Interferons are a nonspecific defense used to respond to bacteria.arrow_forward
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