(a)
Interpretation:
The affect of the decreasing amount of
Concept introduction:
A
(b)
Interpretation:
The effect of the decreasing concentration of
Concept introduction:
A thermodynamic potential that is utilized in the calculation of the highest reversible function taking place in the thermodynamic system at the constant value pressure and temperature is known as Gibbs-free energy. It is denoted by
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Biochemistry
- Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions. What constitutes the active site of an enzyme? What are the turnover number (kcat), the Michaelis constant (Km), and the maximal velocity (Vmax) of an enzyme? The kcat (catalytic rate constant) for carbonic anhydrase is 5 × 105 molecules per second. This is a “rate constant,” but not a “rate.” What is the difference? By what oncentration would you multiply this rate constant in order to determine an actual rate of prod- uct formation (V)? Under what circumstances would this rate become equal to the maximal velocity (Vmax) of the enzyme?arrow_forwardPlease ASA. Thanku. In the reaction Na + Cl à Na+ + Cl-, which component is said to become ‘oxidized’ and which is considered reduced? Na, Cl Cl, Cl Na, Na Cl, Naarrow_forwardFill in the Blanks. Supply the missing enzyme (E), pathway (P) or intermediate (I) by typing the 3-LETTER LABEL ONLY (e.g., ABA only and not ABA. Glycolysis) on the blanks provided ( glucose $12. E 11.E glucose-1-P glucose-6-P 1.1 6-phosphogluconate 10. E ribose-5-phosphate 1 2. P POOL OF CHOICES: ABA. glycolysis ACA. gluconeogenesis AGA. glycogenolysis ADA. glycogen synthesis AJA. TCA cycle AEA. beta-oxidation AFA. fatty acid synthesis AHA. TAG synthesis AZA. nucleotide synthesis AXA. fermentation AKA. pentose phosphate pathway ALA. pyruvate AMA. H₂O ANA. acetyl CoA AQA. mevalonate ASA. CO₂ ATA. beta-hydroxybutyrate AWA. oxaloacetate BAB. GTP SAB. 6-phosphogluconolactone axaloacetate lactate 6.1 1/20₂ 9. P oxaloacetate Mitochondria NADH, FADH₂ NAD+, FAD ADP, P ATP phosphoenolpyruvate 8.1 acety CoA 7. P NAD+, FAD succinate citrate alpha-ketoglutarate steroids 5.1 palmitoyl CoA 4.1 3. P malonyl CoA citrate Dracticar Acety CoA HMG-CoA ↓ acetoacetate CAB. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex…arrow_forward
- a. Use the values in Problem 23.31 to calculate the energy change in the following reaction. fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP--------> fructose 6-phosphate + ATP b. Is this reaction energetically favorable or unfavorable? c. Write this reaction using curved arrow symbolism. d. Can this reaction be used to synthesize ATP from ADP? Explain.arrow_forwardRequired partner. Aminotransferases require which of the following cofactors: a. NAD+/NADP+NAD+/NADP+ b. Pyridoxal phosphate c. Thiamine pyrophosphate d. Biopterinarrow_forwardAtp bookkeeping. Explain where the number of 38 and 32 atp per glucose molecules comes fromarrow_forward
- Detailed with reactions.Why does FAD accepts 2 protons in dehydration of succinate to fumarate? Why dont NAD molecules participate in this reaction?arrow_forwardHelp is appreciated. Think of an unusual eukaryotic species in which its ATP synthase has 12 subunits for its c ring. How many ATP molecules can be produced per pair of electrons that traverse the respiratory chian starting at Complex I? A. 2 ATP/2e- B. 1 ATP/2e- C. 0.5 ATP/2e- D. 1.5 ATP/2e- E. 3 ATP/2e-arrow_forwardThe last stop. The final electron acceptor for the electron-transport chain is which of the following? do a. 0202 b. Coenzyme Q с. СО2СО, d. NAD+NAD+arrow_forward
- Long explanations are NOT NEEDED. I pretty much have an idea already about this lesson, I would just like to see if my answers are correct, if it's wrong then kindly correct and just add a short explanation. ATP accounting. Consider 1 molecule of the sucrose (monomeric units: glucose and fructose) that will undergo complete oxidation. a. Number of pyruvate molecules after glycolysis is 4.b. Net ATP produced in glycolysis only (via substrate-level phosphorylation) is 2.c. Number of NADH produced using the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction is 1.d. Number of NADH and FADH2 produced from Krebs cycle is 12 and 4 respectively.e. Net ATP produced (complete oxidation via Malate aspartate shuttle) is 64.arrow_forwardRespiratory paralysis. Tabun and sarin have been used as chemical-warfare agents, and parathion has been employed as an insecticide. What is the molec ular basis of their lethal actions? Tabun H3C Sarin -NO2 Parathionarrow_forward. Pyruvate can be processed under anaerobic conditions to ethanol (in yeast) or to lactate (in mammals), as shown. Explain the primary purpose of these reactions. Describe the major biochemical features of each reactionarrow_forward
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