The following reaction was described as the cause of sulfur deposits formed at volcanic sites.
It may also be used to remove SO2 from power plant stack gases. (a) Identify the type of
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
- Adenosine triphosphate, ATP, is used as a free-energy source by biological cells. (See the essay on page 624.) ATP hydrolyzes in the presence of enzymes to give ADP: ATP(aq)+H2O(l)ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq);G=30.5kJ/molat25C Consider a hypothetical biochemical reaction of molecule A to give molecule B: A(aq)B(aq);G=+15.0kJ/molat25C Calculate the ratio [B]/[A] at 25C at equilibrium. Now consider this reaction coupled to the reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP: A(aq)+ATP(aq)+H2O(l)B(aq)+ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq) If a cell maintains a high ratio of ATP to ADP and H2PO4 by continuously making ATP, the conversion of A to B can be made highly spontaneous. A characteristic value of this ratio is [ATP][ADP][H2PO4]=500 Calculate the ratio [B][A] in this case and compare it with the uncoupled reaction. Compared with the uncoupled reaction, how much larger is this ratio when coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP?arrow_forwardDescribe a nonchemical system that is not in equilibrium, and explain why equilibrium has not been achieved.arrow_forwardActually, the carbon in CO2(g) is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the carbon in calcium carbonate(limestone). Verify this by determining the standardGibbs free energy change for the reaction of lime,CaO(s), with CO2(g) to make CaCO3(s).arrow_forward
- At 1 atm and 25 C, NO2 with an initial concentration of 1.00 M is 3.3103 decomposed into NO and O2. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction. 2NO2(g)2NO(g)+O2(g)arrow_forwardCalculate K at 25°C for each of the reactions referred to in Question 32. Assume smallest whole-number coefficients.arrow_forwarda Calculate K1, at 25C for phosphoric acid: H3PO4(aq)H+(aq)+H2PO4(aq) b Which thermodynamic factor is the most significant in accounting for the fact that phosphoric acid is a weak acid? Why ?arrow_forward
- A cave in Mexico was recently discovered to have some interesting chemistry. Hydrogen sulfide, H2S, reacts with oxygen in the cave to give sulfuric acid, which drips from the ceiling in droplets with a pH less than 1. The reaction occurring is H2S(g) + 2 O2(g) H2SO4() Calculate rH, rS, and rG. Is the reaction product-favored at equilibrium at 25 C? Is it enthalpy- or entropy-driven?arrow_forwardThe thermite reaction is 2Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(s) (a) Calculate G for this reaction. (b) Calculate Keq for this reaction. Assume T = 298 K. You may have to do some mathematical manipulations to get your final numerical answer.arrow_forwardCalculate K for the reaction SnO2(s) + 2 CO(g) Sn(s) + 2 CO2(g) given the following information: SnO2(s)+2H2(g)Sn(s)+2H2O(g)K=8.12H2(g)+CO2(g)H2O(g)+CO(g)K=0.771arrow_forward
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