Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260432145
Author: Thomas T Arny, Stephen E Schneider Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 15, Problem 10TY
To determine
The final stage of the Sun.
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Betelgeuse is a nearby supergiant that will eventually explode into a supernova. Let's see
how awesome it would look. At peak brightness, the supernova will have a luminosity of
about 10 billion times the Sun. It is 600 light-years away. All stellar brightnesses are
compared with Vega, which has an intrinsic luminosity of about 60 times the Sun, a distance
of 25 light-years, an absolute magnitude of 0.6 and an apparent magnitude of 0 (by
definition).
a) At peak brightness, how many times brighter will Betelgeuse be than Vega?
b) Approximately what apparent magnitude does this correspond to?
c) The Sun is about -26.5 apparent magnitude. What fraction of the Sun's brightness will
Betelgeuse be?
One way to calculate the radius of a star is to use its luminosity and temperature and assume that the star radiates approximately like a blackbody. Astronomers have measured the characteristics of central stars of planetary nebulae and have found that a typical central star is 16 times as luminous and 20 times as hot (about 110,000 K) as the Sun. Find the radius in terms of the Sun’s. How does this radius compare with that of a typical white dwarf?
A Type Ia Supernova is an example of a:
Chapter 15 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
Ch. 15 - Prob. 1QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 2QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 3QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 4QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 5QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 6QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 7QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 8QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 9QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 10QFR
Ch. 15 - Prob. 11QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 12QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 13QFRCh. 15 - What is nonthermal radiation?Ch. 15 - What happens when a gravitational wave moves? What...Ch. 15 - What is a black hole? Are they truly black? What...Ch. 15 - Prob. 17QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 18QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 19QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 20QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 1TQCh. 15 - Prob. 2TQCh. 15 - Prob. 3TQCh. 15 - Prob. 5TQCh. 15 - Prob. 6TQCh. 15 - Prob. 7TQCh. 15 - Prob. 8TQCh. 15 - Suppose you jumped into a black hole feet first....Ch. 15 - Prob. 10TQCh. 15 - Prob. 1PCh. 15 - Prob. 2PCh. 15 - Prob. 3PCh. 15 - Prob. 4PCh. 15 - Prob. 5PCh. 15 - Prob. 6PCh. 15 - Prob. 7PCh. 15 - Prob. 8PCh. 15 - Prob. 9PCh. 15 - Prob. 10PCh. 15 - Prob. 11PCh. 15 - Prob. 12PCh. 15 - Prob. 1TYCh. 15 - Prob. 2TYCh. 15 - Prob. 3TYCh. 15 - Prob. 4TYCh. 15 - Prob. 5TYCh. 15 - Prob. 6TYCh. 15 - What evidence leads astronomers to believe that...Ch. 15 - (15.3) The Schwarzschild radius of a body is (a)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9TYCh. 15 - Prob. 10TY
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- fill in missing word a) One difference between a type I and type II supernova is the formation of the element _________ in the core that produces a type II supernova b) The Chandrasekhar limit of a star (1.4 solar masses) is the mass limit above which a star cannot remain stable as a ________ ________. c) The temperature of a red giant star is ____________ than it was when the star was a dwarf.arrow_forwardBetelgeuse is a nearby supergiant that will eventually explode into a supernova. At peak brightness, the supernova will have a luminosity of about 20 billion times the Sun. It is 600 lightyears away. All stellar brightnesses are compared with Vega, which has an intrinsic luminosity of about 60 times the sun, a distance of 25 lightyears away, an absolutely magnitude of 0.6 and an apparent magnitude of 0. a) At peak brightness, how many times brighter will betelgeuses be than Vega? b) Approximately what apparent magnitude does this correspond to? c) The sun is about -26.5 apparent magnitude. What fraction of the Sun'ss brightness will Betelgeuse be?arrow_forwardObservations show that stellar luminosity, L, and mass, M, are related by L x M3.5 for main sequence stars. Obtain an expression that relates the main sequence life time and the mass of a star. You should assume that the luminosity is constant throughout a star's main sequence life time, and that the amount of mass converted into energy by a star while it is on the main sequence is given by AM main sequence life time of a 20 Solar mass star given that the Sun is expected to spend 1010 years on the main sequence. Comment on the significance of your answer. fM, where f is a constant. Estimate thearrow_forward
- Consider an M-dwarf star of mass 0.1M⊙ and luminosity 10−3L⊙. When the star joins the main sequence 75% of its mass is hydrogen and 25% is helium. The star is fully convective and hence the interior is always fully mixed. Fusion reactions provide all of the luminosity of the star, and each reaction converts 4 hydrogen nuclei into 1 helium nucleus. The combined mass of 4 hydrogen nuclei is 6.690×10−27kg and the mass of one helium nucleus is 6.643×10−27kg. Estimate the main sequence life time of this star, assuming that the luminosity is constant throughout the star's life time. Express your answer in Gyr. The solar mass M⊙=2×1030kg and the solar luminosity L⊙=3.83×1026W.arrow_forwardWhy does a type II supernova explode? in two sentences.arrow_forwardAn M dwarf star of mass 0.1 solar masses, a radius of 0.13 solar radii and a photospheric temperature of 2708 Kelvin. Assuming the dwarf contains the same mixture of elements as the Sun, and that the thermal pressure of the Sun's core is 1.3 x 10^14 N/m^2 estimate the ratio between the thermal pressure in the M dwarf's core versus that of the Sun. select unitsarrow_forward
- QUESTION 21 In a Type Ia supernova, the cause of the violent outburst is: 1) the sudden emission of a shell of stellar material from a dying low-mass star 2) the collapse of a very massive protostar to the main sequence 3) an enormous release of neutrinos during a sudden episode of hydrogen fusion 4) the transfer of so much mass from a companion star that a white dwarf goes "over the limit" and collapses, causing an enormous amount of sudden fusion 5) two neutron stars colliding with each otherarrow_forwardA star such as our Sun will eventually evolve to a “red giant” star and then to a “white dwarf” star. A typical white dwarf is approximately the size of Earth, and its surface temperature is about 2.4 × 104 K. A typical red giant has a surface temperature of 3.2 × 103 K and a radius ~90000 times larger than that of a white dwarf. Take the radius of the red giant to be 6 × 1010 m. What is the average radiated power per unit area of the red giant?_________W/m2 What is the average radiated power per unit area of the white-dwarf?________W/m2 What is the total power radiated by the red giant? _________W What is the total power radiated by the white dwarf? ________W Please show full work! Thank you!arrow_forwardHow is a nova different from a type Ia supernova? How does it differ from a type II supernova?arrow_forward
- What observations from SN 1987A helped confirm theories about supernovae?arrow_forwardA supernova remnant was observed in 2007 to be expanding at a velocity of 14,000 km/s and had a radius of 6.5 light-years. Assuming a constant expansion velocity, in what year did this supernova occur?arrow_forwardA star begins its life with a mass of 5 MSunbut ends its life as a white dwarf with a mass of 0.8 MSun. List the stages in the star’s life during which it most likely lost some of the mass it started with. How did mass loss occur in each stage?arrow_forward
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