In a Type Ia supernova, the cause of the violent outburst is:   1) the sudden emission of a shell of stellar material from a dying low-mass star   2) the collapse of a very massive protostar to the main sequence   3) an enormous release of neutrinos during a sudden episode of hydrogen fusion   4) the transfer of so much mass from a companion star that a white dwarf goes "over the limit" and collapses, causing an enormous amount of sudden fusion   5) two neutron stars colliding with each other

What is the escape velocity (in km/s) from the surface of 1.1 M neutron star? (hint: Use the formula for the escape velocity Ve =        2GM/R ; make sure to express quantities in United of meters, kilograms, and seconds. Assume a neutron has a radius of 11 km and assume the mass of the sun is 1.99 x10^30 kg.)  1.1 M neutron Star = _________ km/s 3.0 neutron Star = __________ km/s

How often can a star go supernova? Group of answer choices   Many times, depending on the size of its companion star.   Twice, the first time when it runs out hydrogen, and the second time when it runs out of iron.   Once, early in its evolution.   Once, late in its evolution.   At various times, depending on the composition of the star.

Describe each of the following in detail, indicating their respective origins and the differences between them: Nova, Supernova type 1, Supernova type II.

What is the escape velocity (in km/s) from the surface of a 1.1 M neutron star? From a 3.0 M neutron star?

When the Sun becomes a red giant, it's luminosity will be 2000 times its current value. The solar flux at Earth will also increase by a factor of 2000. Neglecting the greenhouse effect, the surface temperature of the earth is determined by thermal equilibrium: the flux of radiation absorbed equals the flux of radiation emitted. This means the Earth's surface flux must also increase by a factor of 2000.  If the current average surface temperature is 58 degrees F, what will the average surface temperature be when the Sun is a red giant.  Express your answer in units of degrees Fahrenheit.  [Hint: Recall that the Stefan-Boltzmann law says that the flux F emitted by a blackbody is related to its surface temperature T (measured in Kelvins) is F=σT4  . Use this law in the form of a ratio, expressing T in Kelvins. Then convert back to Fahrenheit.]

What are the main products of the fusion reactions that take place in low mass main sequence stars?

What causes an aging giant star to produce a planetary nebula?

If a circular accretion disk around a 1.4 M, neutron star has a radius of 1.00 x 105 km as measured from the center of the neutron star to the edge of the disk, what is the orbital velocity (in km/s) of a gas particle located at its outer edge? (The mass of the Sun is GM 1.99 x 1030 kg. Hint: Use the circular orbit velocity formula, V, = ; make sure to express quantities in units of meters, kilograms, and seconds.) km/s

Why does a type II supernova explode? in two sentences.