Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260432145
Author: Thomas T Arny, Stephen E Schneider Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 15, Problem 1TY
To determine
Select all the correct options in case a quantity of hydrogen is added to a white dwarf.
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After the Sun exhausts its nuclear fuel, its ultimate fate will be to collapse to a white dwarf state. In this state, it would have approximately the same mass as it has now, but its radius would be equal
to the radius of the Earth.
(a) Calculate the average density of the white dwarf (in kg/m³).
kg/m3
(b) Calculate the surface free-fall acceleration (in m/s).
m/s?
(c) Calculate the gravitational potential energy (in J) associated with a 3.38 kg object at the surface of the white dwarf.
J
(d) What If? The escape speed from the "surface" of the Sun, or a distance equal to its radius, is 617.5 km/s. What would be the escape speed (in km/s) from the surface of the white dwarf?
km/s
After the Sun exhausts its nuclear fuel, its ultimate fate will be to collapse to a white dwarf state. In this state, it would have approximately the same mass as it has now, but its radius would be equal to the radius of the Earth.
(a)
Calculate the average density of the white dwarf (in kg/m³).
|kg/m3
(b)
Calculate the surface free-fall acceleration (in m/s).
m/s?
(c)
Calculate the gravitational potential energy (in J) associated with a 5.61 kg object at the surface of the white dwarf.
(d)
What If? The escape speed from the "surface" of the Sun, or a distance equal to its radius, is 617.5 km/s. What would be the escape speed (in km/s) from the surface of the white dwarf?
km/s
What is the surface gravity on the surface of White Dwarf of 1 Solar Mass? What about
a Neutron Star of the same mass? What about at the event horizon radius of a Black
Hole of the same mass? In each case, give the surface gravity as a ratio of the Earth's
surface gravity.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
Ch. 15 - Prob. 1QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 2QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 3QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 4QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 5QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 6QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 7QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 8QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 9QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 10QFR
Ch. 15 - Prob. 11QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 12QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 13QFRCh. 15 - What is nonthermal radiation?Ch. 15 - What happens when a gravitational wave moves? What...Ch. 15 - What is a black hole? Are they truly black? What...Ch. 15 - Prob. 17QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 18QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 19QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 20QFRCh. 15 - Prob. 1TQCh. 15 - Prob. 2TQCh. 15 - Prob. 3TQCh. 15 - Prob. 5TQCh. 15 - Prob. 6TQCh. 15 - Prob. 7TQCh. 15 - Prob. 8TQCh. 15 - Suppose you jumped into a black hole feet first....Ch. 15 - Prob. 10TQCh. 15 - Prob. 1PCh. 15 - Prob. 2PCh. 15 - Prob. 3PCh. 15 - Prob. 4PCh. 15 - Prob. 5PCh. 15 - Prob. 6PCh. 15 - Prob. 7PCh. 15 - Prob. 8PCh. 15 - Prob. 9PCh. 15 - Prob. 10PCh. 15 - Prob. 11PCh. 15 - Prob. 12PCh. 15 - Prob. 1TYCh. 15 - Prob. 2TYCh. 15 - Prob. 3TYCh. 15 - Prob. 4TYCh. 15 - Prob. 5TYCh. 15 - Prob. 6TYCh. 15 - What evidence leads astronomers to believe that...Ch. 15 - (15.3) The Schwarzschild radius of a body is (a)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9TYCh. 15 - Prob. 10TY
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- Let's compare the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of a Sun-like star to a white dwarf of similar mass. We know that the force of gravity comes from F= G*m_1*m_2/r^2 and that F = m * a from some of Newton's laws. As such, we know that the acceleration due to gravity is given by a_g = G*m/r^2. With that in mind, let's say that we have a white dwarf star is approximately the size of the Earth which is 1/100 radius of the Sun (0.01 R Sun) and that the white dwarf has a mass that is approximately half the mass of the Sun (0.5 M_Sun). What is the ratio of the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the white dwarf star (aka the surface gravity) compared to the surface gravity of the Sun-like star (assume its mass is 1 M_sun and radius is 1 R_Sun).?arrow_forwardIn a nova, why is the shell of hydrogen on the white dwarf consumed explosively rather than steadily?arrow_forwardWhat is the escape velocity from the white dwarf in Exercise 23.35? How much greater is it than the escape velocity from Earth?arrow_forward
- How does a white dwarf differ from a neutron star? How does each form? What keeps each from collapsing under its own weight?arrow_forwardHow would the spectra of a type II supernova be different from a type Ia supernova? Hint: Consider the characteristics of the objects that are their source.arrow_forwardA 1.8 M neutron and a 0.7 M white dwarf have been found orbiting each other with a period of 28 minutes. What is their average separation? Convert your answer to units of the Suns radius, which is 0.0047 AU. (hint: Use the version of Keller's third law for the binary stars Ma + Mb = a^3/p^2 ; make sure you express quantities in unites of AU, solar masses, and years. NOTE: a year is 3.2 x 10^7 s) ___________ solar radiiarrow_forward
- How does the ideal gas law fail in the electron degenerate system of a brown dwarf?arrow_forwardWe learned in class that, when stars collapse under their own gravity, they conserve angular momentum, which is proportional to mass times radius times rotational speed. Suppose the entire sun (radius 695,700 km) were to collapse to a neutron star with a radius of only 10 km. Before the collapse, the rotational speed at the equator = 2.0 km/s, and the rotational period is 25 days. Using the same steps that you used for the white dwarf calculations, calculate the final rotation period if the entire sun were to collapse to a 10 km radius neutron star. Give your answer in units of seconds. Answer: Checkarrow_forwardA star has initially a radius of 680000000 m and a period of rotation about its axis of 26 days. Eventually it changes into a neutron star with a radius of only 40000 m and a period of 0.2 s. Assuming that the mass has not changed, find Assume a star has the shape of a sphere. (Suggestion: do it with formula first, then put the numbers in) [Recommended time : 5-8 minutes] (a) the ratio of initial to final angular momentum (Li/Lf) Oa. 3.25E+15 Ob. 25.7 Oc. 0.0389 Od. 3.08E-16 (b) the ratio of initial to final kinetic energy Oa. 2.74E-23 Ob. 437000 Cc. 2.29E-6 FUJITSUarrow_forward
- A star has initially a radius of 640000000 m and a period of rotation about its axis of 20 days. Eventually it changes into a neutron star with a radius of only 50000 m and a period of 0.2 s. Assuming that the mass has not changed, find Assume a star has the shape of a sphere. (Suggestion: do it with formula first, then put the numbers in) [Recommended time : 5-8 minutes] (a) the ratio of initial to final angular momentum (Li/Lf) Oa. 1.42E+15 Ob. 19 Oc. 0.0527 Od. 7.06E-16 (b) the ratio of initial to final kinetic energy Oa. 8.18E-23 Ob. 456000 Oc. 2.19E-6 Od. 1.22E+22 52%arrow_forwardA star has initially a radius of 780000000 m and a period of rotation about its axis of 22 days. Eventually it changes into a neutron star with a radius of only 25000 m and a period of 0.1 s. Assuming that the mass has not changed, find Assume a star has the shape of a sphere. (Suggestion: do it with formula first, then put the numbers in) [Recommended time : 5-8 minutes] (a) the ratio of initial to final angular momentum (Li/Lf) a. 1.85E+16 b. 51.2 c. 0.0195 d. 5.4E-17 (b) the ratio of initial to final kinetic energy a. 2.84E-24 b. 371000 c. 2.69E-6 d. 3.52E+23arrow_forwardAfter the Sun exhausts its nuclear fuel, its ultimate fate may be to collapse to a white dwarf state. In this state, it would have approximately the same mass as it has now, but its radius would be equal to the radius of the Earth. (a) Calculate the average density of the white dwarf. (kg/m3)(b) Calculate the surface free-fall acceleration.( m/s2)(c) Calculate the gravitational potential energy associated with a 1.36-kg object at the surface of the white dwarf.( J)arrow_forward
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