BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260670929
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 14, Problem 1PIT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The concept of the Survey the Landscape figure in the given chapter and then add phylogenetic trees, species, fossils, DNA, and anatomical structures to the given figure.
Introduction:
The mechanism of reproductive isolation is divided into two broad categories, namely prezygotic and postzygotic. The prezygotic barriers prevent the formation of a zygote. Postzygotic barriers reduce the fitness of a hybrid offspring.
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Use the information and model to answer the following question.
Phylogenetic trees are a type of model that can be used to show how organisms are
related through common ancestry. The phylogenetic tree model represents nodes
numbered 1 through 8.
A
CDE F GH
в
I
2
|5
Using evidence from the phylogenetic tree determine which species would
be MOST closely related to the species on branch C?
O A. The species on Branches F, G, H, and I are all equally related to the species
on branch C because they all split from a common ancestor at the same
time which is illustrated by having nodes 2 and 7 at the same height.
O B. The species on Branch A & B are both most closely related to the species on
branch C because they share the most most recent common ancestor at
node 2.
C. The species on Branch B is most closely related to the species on branch c
because they share the greatest number of common +ancestors.
D. The species on Branch A is most closely related to the species on branch C
because they…
Observe the figure below. Draw a tree that:
(a) contains the following taxa: armadillos, rabbits, pangolins, whales AND
(b) is consistent with the larger tree of mammals shown.
You can do this by hand and paste a photo of your tree in this document
Complete the table to characterize the morphological variations on the following:
The Specimen
Observed morphological variation
Contrasting character of the observed morphological variation
A. Fruits (Apple)
B. Flowers (gumamela)
C. Invertebrates (mussels)
Chapter 14 Solutions
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
Ch. 14.1 - How are macroevolution and microevolution related?Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.1 - What are some of the challenges in defining...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.2 - Write a real or fictitious example other than...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.4 - Prob. 2MC
Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14.6 - Describe the taxonomic hierarchy.Ch. 14.6 - What are the strengths of a cladistics approach...Ch. 14.6 - Distinguish between ancestral and derived...Ch. 14 - Macroevolution is distinct from microevolution in...Ch. 14 - The biological species concept defines species...Ch. 14 - A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 14 - How has the meaning of the term species changed...Ch. 14 - What type of reproductive barrier applies to each...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 14 - Polyploidy is a common mechanism of speciation in...Ch. 14 - How does natural selection predict a gradualistic...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6WIOCh. 14 - Examine the cladogram in figure 14.17 and answer...Ch. 14 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 14 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 14 - Prob. 1SLCh. 14 - Prob. 1PITCh. 14 - Prob. 2PITCh. 14 - Prob. 3PIT
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- Create a document with a list of the 8 levels of the taxonomic classification system. Research one organism from each of the following categories: bacteria, fungi, plant, fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal. Fill in the correct scientific name for each of the taxonomic levels beginning at domain. Compare and contrast the taxonomic profile of the organisms in the document below your list. How would you identify which organisms have more characteristics in common? Create a phylogenetic tree of the organisms that you selected.arrow_forwardStudy the diagrams below. The diagrams represent four possible phylogenetic trees showing the relationship between the four species: M, L, S, and R. B A M LS R M LR +d \t R SML RM S tota -444 What is the plausible explanation for the appearance of autapomorphic character c in species L and S of tree A although they do not share a most recent common ancestor?arrow_forwardDraw a phylogenetic tree based on character in the table below. Place hatch marks on the tree to indicated origin(s)of characters.arrow_forward
- Match the correct label to locations A, B and C on the figure below. Evolutionary history, or phylogeny, is represented visually by a phylogenetic tree. Trees have a common structure, with a root, nodes, and branches. To determine evolutionary relationships among living or extinct organisms, consider the most recent common ancestors. Lizard C: Natural selection leads to new species or groups of species. Eu Jin Chew/Dreamstime.com Crocodile B: This is the common ancestor of all organisms on the tree. Infographic 16.10 Dinion for Channing World Third Edition Gert Vrey/Dreamstime.com Dinosaur (extinct) Time musk/Alamy Bird Danita Delimont/Alamy A: This is the last common ancestor of the organisms above this point in the tree (in this case, dinosaurs and birds).arrow_forwardDraw a cladogram showing the evolutionary relatedness of the four organisms below. At the bottom of the page are distantly related species.arrow_forwardRefer to figure 13.25 and the chapter content to answer the followingquestions.1. Review the Survey the Landscape figure in the chapter introduction.What diagrams do scientists use to visualize evolutionaryrelationships? Add this term to the concept map. 2. Write a phrase to connect fossils and biogeography and a separatephrase to connect development and DNA. 3. Add the following terms to this concept map: homologous structures,vestigial structures, homeotic genes, and molecular clock.arrow_forward
- Reading a Phylogenetic Tree Use the tree below to answer the questions. A Cladogram Fig. 12.1 LANCELET LAMPREY GROUPER SALAMANDER TURTLE WOLF HAIR AMNIOTIC EGGS FOUR LEGGED LOCOMOTION JAW BONES VERTEBRAL COLUMN The branching points on this diagram represent: characteristics of the group of organisms common ancestors points where speciation occuredarrow_forwardFor novice biologists, taxonomy and phylogenetics are difficult concepts to understand and keep separate. This confusion is made worse because modern taxonomic methods make use of molecular tools. Write an essay that contrasts taxonomy to phylogenetics and explain how both disciplines are important to our understanding of species and evolution. Your essay should include a description of taxonomy and phylogenetics, as well as a detailed explanation about how information is represented in a phylogenetic tree or a cladogram.arrow_forwardCreate a cladogram based on the morphological and molecular evidence. Comparative Morphology Data. Using your text and prior knowledge, determine the morphological characteristics of the organisms in table. For every characteristic the organism possesses, put a check in that box. Limbs Has Organism Multicellular Segmented Body Jaws Hair (not fins) Bone Amoeba Sponge Earthworm Shark Lizard Kangaroo Dolphin Cat Molecular Evidence. Cytochrome c is a protein located in the mitochondria of cells involved with cellular respiration. Compare each organism's Cytochrome CDNA sequences with the ancestor cell and each other. Circle or highlight the differences (mutations) present in the cytochrome CDNA sequences from ancestor cell. ANCESTOR CE AT TAGC GACCAGTATATCC TACAATC c GT CTACTTCATT0 A TTAGCG A C C A GT T T ATC C TA CA ATC CCGTCTACTTCAT 11 A GTT TATC CTAC ATT C C C GTATACTTC GT 13 CGTTTA TC CTACATT CC C GTCTACTTCG T 15 C G TITATC C TA CTIT C C CGTCTACTTCGT 18 CG TTTATC CTACTITC C C GT CTA…arrow_forward
- Using the taxonomic categories (domain, kingdom, ...etc), compare the taxonomic classification of humans and pigs. Compare and contrast on each level and describe the similarities or differences at each level using the table below. Similarity/Difference Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Speciesarrow_forwardConstruct a character matrix with at least five characters for organisms beetle, pigeon, perch, salamander, and a mouse. (Pay attention to eyes, legs, number legs, antennae, body type/form; not limited to here). Then construct a phylogenetic tree using the character matrix and map the synapomorphies.arrow_forwardDraw a phylogenythat accurately portrays the evolutionary relationships among the organisms listed. Each organism listed should be at the tip of a branch on the tree. Use the internet to discover what type of organisms they are, and refer to the textbook and course notes as you determine the relationships among these organisms. Label the phylogeny with each of the 6 species listed and write on the tree where the following derived traits evolved: specialized tissues, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry, deuterostomy, protostomy, and ecdysozoan cuticle (the need for an animal to molt in order to grow). Anthopleura xanthogrammica Giant Green Anemone Chondrocladia lyra. harp sponge Diadema antillarum black sea urchin Euphasia superba. Antarctic krill Phrynosoma cornutum. horny toad Taenia saginata. beef tapewormarrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license