Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 13, Problem 5bCP
Summary Introduction
To review:
Intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways and similarities and differences between the two.
Introduction:
Any kind of injury on the skin results in the breakdown of the endothelium membrane and causes bleeding, which leads to the reduction of blood volume in the body, if not stopped early. There is an inbuilt mechanism in the body that stops the bleeding by a number of physiological reactions, which results in hemostasis (hemo-blood and stasis- standing).
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A chemical called EDTA, like citrate, binds to (or “chelates”) Ca2+. Suppose a person had EDTA infused into their blood. What effect would this have on the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways? How would these effects differ from the effects of aspirin on blood clotting?
The exact cause of blood clotting in the left atrium of the heart during atrial fibrillation (AF) is not known. In part it might be due to blood stasis (not moving) or it may result in combination with endothelial cells damage.
(A) What are the potential mechanisms that might drive clotting and what markers might you look for in the blood to predict potential risk?
(B) Other than treating the arrhythmia, what other pharmacological intervention might be provided to AF sufferers?
Hemodynamics are the dynamics of blood flow. Can the Bernoulli's equation be used to study hemodynamics in the cardiovascular system? Why or why not?
You should discuss all four of the assumptions of Bernoulli's equation when answering this question.
Jugular vein
(also
subclavian
vein from
arms)
Pulmonary
artery
Superior
vena cava
Interior
vena cava
Hepatic
vein
Liver
Hepatic
portal vein
Renal vein
Iliac vein
CO₂
CO₂
Head and arms
Lungs
Heart
Kidneys
Trunk and legs
Carotid artery
(also
subclavian
artery to
arms)
Pulmonary
vein
Aorta
Hepatic
artery
Mesenteric
arteries
Digestive
tract
Renal artery
Iliac artery
Chapter 13 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 13 - State the components of the circulatory system...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1bCPCh. 13 - Prob. 2CPCh. 13 - Prob. 3CPCh. 13 - Describe how the rate of erythropoiesis is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 13 - Prob. 5bCPCh. 13 - Using a flow diagram (arrows), describe the...Ch. 13 - Use a flow diagram to describe the systemic...Ch. 13 - List the AV valves and the valves of the pulmonary...
Ch. 13 - Discuss how defective valves affect blood flow...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 13 - Prob. 8aCPCh. 13 - Prob. 8bCPCh. 13 - Draw a figure to illustrate the pressure...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10aCPCh. 13 - Using a line diagram, illustrate a myocardial...Ch. 13 - Draw an ECG and label the waves. Indicate the...Ch. 13 - Draw a figure that shows the relationship between...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11cCPCh. 13 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 13 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 13 - Explain the functions of capillaries and describe...Ch. 13 - Prob. 14CPCh. 13 - Prob. 15CPCh. 13 - Identify normal and pathological causes of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 16bCPCh. 13 - Prob. 17aCPCh. 13 - Explain how the lymphatic system and the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18CPCh. 13 - Prob. 1RACh. 13 - All arteries in the body contain oxygen-rich blood...Ch. 13 - The "lub," or first heart sound, is produced by...Ch. 13 - The first heart sound is produced at
Ch. 13 - Changes in the cardiac rate primarily reflect...Ch. 13 - Prob. 6RACh. 13 - Prob. 7RACh. 13 - The cells that normally have the fastest rate of...Ch. 13 - Which of these statements is true? a. The heart...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10RACh. 13 - Prob. 11RACh. 13 - Prob. 12RACh. 13 - Prob. 13RACh. 13 - Prob. 14RACh. 13 - Prob. 15RACh. 13 - During the phase of isovolumetric relaxation of...Ch. 13 - Peristaltic waves of contraction move fluid within...Ch. 13 - Describe how the pacemaker cells produce a...Ch. 13 - What characteristic of the SA node distinguishes...Ch. 13 - Compare the duration of the heart's contraction...Ch. 13 - Step by step, describe the pressure changes that...Ch. 13 - Can a detective valve be detected by an ECG? Can a...Ch. 13 - Describe the causes of the P, QRS, and T waves of...Ch. 13 - The lungs are the only organs that receive the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 25RACh. 13 - Prob. 26RACh. 13 - Prob. 27RACh. 13 - Prob. 28RACh. 13 - Prob. 29RACh. 13 - Prob. 30RACh. 13 - Prob. 31RACh. 13 - Prob. 32RACh. 13 - Prob. 33RACh. 13 - Prob. 34RACh. 13 - Prob. 35RACh. 13 - Prob. 36RACh. 13 - Prob. 37RACh. 13 - Prob. 38RACh. 13 - Prob. 39RACh. 13 - Prob. 40RACh. 13 - Prob. 41RACh. 13 - Prob. 42RA
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- A general principle of physiology states that information flow between cells, tissues, and organs is an essential feature of homeostasis and allows for integration of physiological processes. How is this principle demonstrated by the relationship between the circulatory and endocrine systems?arrow_forwardList the two clotting pathways?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is (are) true concerning the pathways for blood clotting?a. The intrinsic pathway takes less time than the extrinsic pathway.b. The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways require sodium.c. The intrinsic pathway is started by factors from damaged tissues.d. The intrinsic pathway requires the same clotting factors as the extrinsic pathway.e. The common pathway results in fibrin changing to fibrinogenarrow_forward
- Describe why a doctor would give a patient that is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction the treatment of tissue plasminogen activator(tPA)? What will it do?arrow_forwarddescribe two reaction pathways that produce blood clots;arrow_forwardList three ways in which clotting is limited.arrow_forward
- Define ECG? What are the differences between P-mitral and P-pulmonale? Please briefly explain at your own words.arrow_forwardTwo alternate pathways of interacting clotting proteins lead to coagulation, or blood clotting. How is each pathway initiated?arrow_forwardLow doses of aspirin are commonly used to reduce the risk of arterial thrombosis in patients who have suffered myocardial infarction. Which one of the following steps in hemostasis is inhibited by aspirin? Aggregation of platelets| Adhesion of platelets to collagen Production of tissue factor Synthesis of von Willebrand factor Synthesis of antithrombin III|arrow_forward
- Describe the action potential of an autorhythmic cell in the heart.a) Indicate how the opening and closing of each ion channel affects the membrane potential of the cell.b) Provide one similarity between the action potential of an autorhythmic cell and the action potential of a neuron.c) Provide one difference between the action potential of an autorhythmic cell and the action potential of a neuron.arrow_forwardIn a standard EPS, briefly explain what is the difference between “pacing after sensing” and “fixed pacing”; in the study of inducibility to ventricular tachycardia (VT)?arrow_forward47arrow_forward
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