Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 13, Problem 4AWK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason why the negative feedback loop is unable to prevent muscle contractions and pain during labor in a pregnant woman.
Introduction:
A pregnant woman may enter labor in the last week of gestation, which leads to the birth of the child. A series of events occur during the labor, which includes intense muscle contractions. These muscle contractions force the fetus from the uterus to the outside through the birth canal. The muscle contractions are extremely intense and painful.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Gap junctions between cardiac muscle cells and gap junctions between uterine smooth muscle cells form connections that provide for rapid communication. What is this phenomenon called?
Generally, for a positive feedback arc to cause a change of a physiological variable, where must be the receptor?
Multiple answers: Choose all of the relevant answers from the choices below.
answer choices
a)Intracellular fluid
b)Intersitial fluid
c)Extracellular fluid
d)External environment (e.g., mother's nipple)
e)Blood plasma
2)Which of the following is NOT true regarding negative feedback loops and homeostasis?
answer choices
a. Homeostatic control systems cannot maintain complete constancy of the internal environment
b. The set point of some variable can be reset
c. It is always possible for physiological variables to be maintained in a relatively constant manner using homeostatic control systems
d. The stability of an internal environment variable is achieved by balancing inputs and outputs
e. In negative feedback systems, a change in the variable being regulated brings about responses that tend to move the variable in a direction that is opposite to the…
What are some of the ethical issues that arise from using embryonic stem cells?(b) To avoid these issues, scientists use IPSCs. What are the pros and cons to using iPSCs inrelation to embryonic stem cells?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 13 -
1. Why do you think that endocrine disruptors...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2QCCh. 13 - List the functions of the six hormones secreted by...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2CRCh. 13 - Prob. 3CRCh. 13 -
4. Define when you would call a norepinephrine a...Ch. 13 - Explain why a 30-year-old short person cannot be...Ch. 13 - Describe the function of the two hormones from the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7CRCh. 13 - Prob. 8CR
Ch. 13 - Prob. 9CRCh. 13 - Prob. 10CRCh. 13 - _________ hormones enter target cells and bind to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2TYCh. 13 - Prob. 3TYCh. 13 - Which two hormones most directly regulate...Ch. 13 - All of the following represent hormone pairs with...Ch. 13 - Prob. 6TYCh. 13 - Prob. 7TYCh. 13 - Prob. 8TYCh. 13 - Prob. 9TYCh. 13 - Prob. 10TYCh. 13 - Prob. 11TYCh. 13 -
12. Which of the following statements about...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13TYCh. 13 - Prob. 14TYCh. 13 - Which of the following would be triggered by a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1AWKCh. 13 - Explain why an injection of epinephrine to combat...Ch. 13 - From what you read in section 13.5 draw the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 13 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 13 - A student finishes up the fall semester with...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- For this exercise, an electron micrograph of secretory cells of the anterior pituitary is being used (Sandborn, E.B. (1970) Cells and Tissues by Light and Electron Microscopy, New York, New York: Academic Press, Inc.). The image originally measured 18.7 cm wide and 18.5 cm high with a magnification of 5200x. Given the width of the original micrograph at 18.7cm, what is the true width of unmagnified image? Show calculations.arrow_forwardRegarding question "Which of the following is true of positive feedback?" the answers A. the change is opposite that of negative feedback and B. The change is amplified; how do these 2 answers differ from one another? Aren't they both true?arrow_forwardTGF-β1 is a protein that affects cell growth and differentiation. Scientists conducted an experiment where epithelial cells were treated with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in the laboratory. At the end of the experiment, the epithelial cells had transformed through several stages from epithelial cells to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and finally to cortical neurons (CNs). The scientists observed the transformation of the cells by analyzing gene expression at certain stages (M1-M7) and determined the relative gene expression level, as shown in the graph. The graph shows the relative gene expression level for cells at different stages of differentiation. Which of the following claims could account for the differences in gene expression at each stage of cell differentiation, and how does this correlate with the distance of the genes on the chromosome? A - Cell differentiation is controlled by RNA translation, but there is no…arrow_forward
- Using your knowledge of the heart, blood vessels and factors affecting blood pressure, create a possible reflex control/feedback loop that would occur if a person's blood pressure suddenly decreases. Include all of the elements of a feedback loop. Your answer can simply be a list of steps that would occur, but make sure to indicate all of the elements of a feedback loop. This does not to be extremely detailed, I am looking for the elements of the feedback loop and to see that you understand the factors affecting blood pressure. I will start the loop: 1. Stimulus: Drop in blood pressure.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is comparable to a positive feedback cycle? a) opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in response to an action potential arriving at the axon terminal b) opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels in response to a depolarizing graded potential c) movement of K+ through leak channels d) operation of the Na+-K+ ATPase at rest e) opening of voltage-gated K+ channels in response to a depolarizing graded potentialarrow_forwardFolic acid is a fundamental element required in the diet of pregnant women. Why? Describe the developmental pathway where folic acid is crucial factor and the expected cellular responses. Why Is it imperative for a woman to take folic acid if she is planning to become pregnant? Manufacturers of maternal care products are aware of the importance of folic acid in pregnancy. Upload an image of an example of such product and highlight folic acid among the ingredients.arrow_forward
- Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is a peptide hormone (ligand) that binds and activates IGF receptor tyrosine kinase. Once the ligands bind the receptors, the cell undergoes cell division and multiply. Therefore, IGF is important for the growth of muscle and bone tissues during puberty. The way the IGF hormone works is that the hormone-bound IGF receptor tyrosine kinase increases the levels of cyclins inside of the cell and promotes the progression of the cell cycle. Describe how receptor tyrosine kinase works in a general sense and how cyclins regulate the cell cycle.arrow_forwardIf a woman that takes folic acid decreasing her risk of neural tube disorder does this mostly change the: a) curve displacement b) Threshold displacement (liability) in a bell curvearrow_forwardPositive feedback loops are used in chemical messaging in the body. Below is a list of steps that describe how a positive feedback system works in chemical messaging. The list is out of order. Placed the list in the proper order. 1. A sensor in a persons finger senses a change in the bloodstream. 2. The chemical messenger triggers the production of a specialized protein in the finger in response to the original signal. 3. A chemical messenger is released from the brain and travels to the finger. 4. As the specialized protein is made in the finger, it triggers the production of even more specialized protein. 5. The brain determines that conditions are no longer in homeostasis.arrow_forward
- Abigail is 12years old and in class six.Describe the development changes she is likely to be experiencing according to Piaget and Erik Erickson's theoriesarrow_forwardA hypothetical organ has the following functional requirements : (1) the ability to resist surface abrasion and mechanical stresses;(2) the ability to contract involuntarily when stimulated by cells of the nervous system; and (3) the ability to resist tension in many different planes of force. The organ needs one tissue to carry out each of these requirements, and it also needs one tissue to " glue" all other tissues together, and one tissue to stimulate the contracting cells. What are the five tissues that will make up this hypothetical organ ? Justify your choices .arrow_forwardStem cells have the potential to transform into any of the various cell types in the body, and thus researchers have explored how stem cells may be used to treat different conditions. Which conditions benefit most from this treatment? At least 351 companies in the United States are now offering unapproved stem cell procedures at 570 clinics. If you had a serious illness such as Parkinson's disease and found an unregulated clinic that offered to cure your illness using stem cell therapy, would you accept the offer? What do you think is the reason that FDA and state medical boards are indifferent to those treatment; are unaware of the scope of the problem or simply are ignoring itarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning