Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 10TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Specialized centers of brain control and regulate the secretions of hormones by different glands. Thus, the endocrine system and the nervous system both work together to carry out processes of the body.
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A hormone differs from a neurotransmitter in thata. hormones act extracellularly, whereas neurotransmitters act withinthe cell that synthesized them.b. hormones are released only by neurons, whereas neurotransmittersare released by many different types of cells.c. hormones cause only fast responses (seconds or less) to stimuli,whereas neurotransmitters cause slow responses (minutes to hours)to stimuli.d. hormones affect only epithelial cells, whereas neurotransmittersaffect only muscle cells.e. hormones are released into the bloodstream and can activate manycells in many parts of the body, whereas neurotransmitters arereleased by neurons and affect adjacent cells.
The term “central nervous system” is used to refer to which of the following?
a. The brain and spinal cord
b. The ventricles that sit at the center of the brain
c. Cranial nerves that make direct connections with the brain
d. Nerves leaving the spinal cord innervating axial or trunk muscles near the center of the body
Which of the following hormones is released by the hypothalamus during stress?
a. neuropeptide Y (NPY)
b. glucocorticoids (including cortisol)
c. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
d. corticotropin releasing factor (CRF; also called CRH)
Which of the following correctly describes the functions of the endocrine system? a. Transport of blood through the body and through the lungs b. Regulation of body functions through hormone secretion c. Regulation of body functions through nerve impulses d. Immunity and returning extra tissue fluid to the blood vessels
Chapter 13 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 13 -
1. Why do you think that endocrine disruptors...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2QCCh. 13 - List the functions of the six hormones secreted by...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2CRCh. 13 - Prob. 3CRCh. 13 -
4. Define when you would call a norepinephrine a...Ch. 13 - Explain why a 30-year-old short person cannot be...Ch. 13 - Describe the function of the two hormones from the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7CRCh. 13 - Prob. 8CR
Ch. 13 - Prob. 9CRCh. 13 - Prob. 10CRCh. 13 - _________ hormones enter target cells and bind to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2TYCh. 13 - Prob. 3TYCh. 13 - Which two hormones most directly regulate...Ch. 13 - All of the following represent hormone pairs with...Ch. 13 - Prob. 6TYCh. 13 - Prob. 7TYCh. 13 - Prob. 8TYCh. 13 - Prob. 9TYCh. 13 - Prob. 10TYCh. 13 - Prob. 11TYCh. 13 -
12. Which of the following statements about...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13TYCh. 13 - Prob. 14TYCh. 13 - Which of the following would be triggered by a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1AWKCh. 13 - Explain why an injection of epinephrine to combat...Ch. 13 - From what you read in section 13.5 draw the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 13 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 13 - A student finishes up the fall semester with...
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- Which of the following statements about steroid and non-steroid hormones is false?a. Non-steroid hormones typically act through second messengers such as cAMP.b. Non-steroid hormones are not lipid soluble and cannot enter the target cell.c. Steroid hormones act usually slower than non-steroid hormones.d. Cortisol and aldosterone are non-steroid hormones that are produced by the cortex of the adrenal glandarrow_forwardchemical messengers that are synthesized in response to a local stimulus and diffuse to neighboring target cells are a. autocrine b. paracrine c. neurotransmitters d. hormonesarrow_forwardndicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a briefexplanation for why it is false.a. Insulin increases the rate of glucose uptake by the tissues.b. Glucagon is the hormone that signals low blood glucose levels.c. The muscles can use glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for fuel.d. Epinephrine stimulates breakdown of glycogen in muscles when there is an immediate needfor energy by muscle cells.e. Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to maintain the blood glucose concentration.f. With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached amaximum) is converted to fat.g. The high potential electrons of NADH enter the respiratory chain at NADH-Q reductase.h. Ubiquinol (QH2) is also the entry point for electrons from NADH of flavoproteins.i. Cytochrome reductase catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to O2.arrow_forward
- A neuroendocrine cell is best described as... A. A neuron that releases a neurotransmitter into a synapse B. An endocrine cell that secretes a hormone into the circulatory system C. A neuron that secretes a neurohormone into the circulatory system D. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich statements describe how systems interact to produce the fight-or-flight response?Select the two correct answers. A The digestive system interacts with the excretory system, supplying hormones to slow the production of urine. B The endocrine system floods the circulatory system with hormones that affect several other body systems. C The endocrine system supplies the lungs with insulin, allowing increased absorption of oxygen. D The digestive system creates hormones that are sent to the muscular system, resulting in increased blood flow to muscles. E The muscular system sends receptors to the circulatory system to increase blood pressure and heart rate. F The circulatory system experiences a change in blood flow, which allows the muscular system to obtain additional glucose.arrow_forwardWhen you open a pizza box, particles of the pizza enter the air around you, and enter your nose when you breathe in. Which of the following internal control systems is responsible for gathering information about the conditions inside and outside of the body? * A. Communicating system B. Control center C. Sensor D. Thalamus 2. Which of the following hormonal imbalance explains obesity among women? * A. Low level of estrogen weakens the bone. B. Excess levels of androgen make oil glands extra productive. C. Changing estrogen levels affecting serotonin or “happy hormone”. D. Decreasing estrogen level stimulates a craving for fatty, salty, and sweet foods.arrow_forward
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