BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260670929
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 13, Problem 2SL
Review Burning Question 13.13, which explains why the fossil record is incomplete for the evolutionary transition between some groups of organisms. Which is more logical: To assume that a transitional form existed even though its fossils have not been found, or to assume that the transitional form did not exist since we have not seen the fossils? Explain your answer.
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Part 1: Use this image to describe the relationship between H, F. and D, including how closely they are related to each other, and determine the most recent common ancestor for these species.
Part 2: Using the above image, estimate how long ago the common ancestor for H, F, and D lived.
Part 3: Of species H, F, and D, which have gone extinct without producing any evolutionary descendants? Provide evidence to support your answer.
Refer to figure 13.25 and the chapter content to answer the followingquestions.1. Review the Survey the Landscape figure in the chapter introduction.What diagrams do scientists use to visualize evolutionaryrelationships? Add this term to the concept map. 2. Write a phrase to connect fossils and biogeography and a separatephrase to connect development and DNA. 3. Add the following terms to this concept map: homologous structures,vestigial structures, homeotic genes, and molecular clock.
Using radioactive isotopes to determine the age of a fossil is known as radiometric dating. How might radiometric dating provide support for the theory of evolution by natural selection? Hint—Consider the age of fossils with respect to the overall fossil record (the entire collection of data regarding fossils and the age of Earth).
Chapter 13 Solutions
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
Ch. 13.1 - What is the geologic timescale?Ch. 13.1 - What types of information provide the clues that...Ch. 13.2 - Why is the fossil record useful, even if it doesnt...Ch. 13.2 - Distinguish between relative and absolute dating...Ch. 13.2 - How does radiometric dating work?Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 3MC
Ch. 13.5 - How does the study of embryonic development reveal...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 13.6 - How does analysis of DNA and proteins support...Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 13 - Why is the fossil record incomplete? a. Because...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 13 - The study of biogeography is most concerned with...Ch. 13 - Octopuses and cuttlefish are mollusks that have a...Ch. 13 - Ground beetles have useless hindwings. In related...Ch. 13 - Scorpions occupy every continent except...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 13 - Which of the following would be most useful for...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 13 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 13 - Why are transitional fossils especially useful for...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 13 - Index fossils represent organisms that were...Ch. 13 - Prob. 6WIOCh. 13 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 13 - How did the discovery of Wallaces line demonstrate...Ch. 13 - Why is it important for evolutionary biologists to...Ch. 13 - Suppose that plants in the San Francisco Bay area...Ch. 13 - Many species look similar as embryos. What causes...Ch. 13 - Give examples of how the field of evolutionary...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13WIOCh. 13 - Prob. 14WIOCh. 13 - Prob. 15WIOCh. 13 - Prob. 16WIOCh. 13 - Genetic anthropology combines the study of DNA...Ch. 13 - Review Burning Question 13.13, which explains why...Ch. 13 - Review the Survey the Landscape figure in the...Ch. 13 - Write a phrase to connect fossils and biogeography...Ch. 13 - Add the following terms to this concept map:...Ch. 13 - Provide an example of ach line of evidence for...
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- Transitional species are species important in helping scientists determine the evolutionary path that species have taken over long periods of time. Lobe-finned fishes are the ancestors of amphibians and have fossils that are found in rocks that are at least 380 million years old. Fossils of the oldest amphibian-like vertebrate animals with true legs and lungs are found in rocks that are approximately 363 million years old. Paleontologists have found a sample of rock that is approximately 370 million years old which contains what seems to be a link between lobe-finned fishes and amphibians. Which of the following is a characteristic that you would not expect to see in this transitional fossil? Question options: Skeletal structures that indicate the development of legs. An intermediate structure between lungs and gills. Teeth that are intermediate to the lobe-finned fishes and amphibians. A neck that is more flexible than lobe-finned fishes.arrow_forwardAll the following statements support the theory that similar organisms have a common ancestor except Select one: a. similar DNA patterns occur in closely related organisms b. organisms sharing a habitat tend to develop similar behaviours c. transitional fossils show links between groups of organisms d. groups of organisms display similar embryonic developmentarrow_forwardWhich statement portrays the concept of ontogeny in phylogenetics? option a.) scientist gathers physiological traits and genetic data about a group of endemic monkeys. option b.) Both chick and human embryos go through a stage where they have slits and arches in their necks that are identical to the gill slits and arches of fish. option c.) The progression of morphological forms observed in fossil record is consistent with inferences about the major branches of descent in the tree of life. option d.) Crocodiles have amniotic eggs while rodents and rabbits don't have.arrow_forward
- human frog bat porpoise horse These vertebrates have the same basic arrangement of bones. Which row below identifies the term used, in an evolutionary sense, to describe the arrangement of bones and provides a correct definition for this term? The statement above is best completed by the answers in row: Row Term Definition analogous structures body parts that perform similar functions even though the organisms do not have a common evolutionary origin body parts that perform similar functions even though the organisms do not have a common evolutionary origin homologous structures homologous structures structures that have similar structural elements and origin but may have a different function analogous structures structures that have similar structural elements and origin but may have a different functionarrow_forwardShade the geological time range for each fossilized organism, marking the time period where each fossil belongs to in a darker color (see example for fossil #2: Batostomella gracilis ): Fossil #7: Mucrospirifer thedfordensis Fossil #16: Cardioceras species Fossil #17: Dinosaur bone Fossil #21: Otodus species Fossil #23: Dentalium sexangulare Fossil #24: Physa humerosaarrow_forwardUsing radioactive isotopes to determine the age of a fossil is known as radiometric dating. How might radiometric dating provide support for the theory of evolution by natural selection? Hint—Consider the age of fossils with respect to the overall fossil record (the entire collection of data regarding fossils and the age of Earth). “Navy coffee” is where the coffee is brewed strong and a bit of salt is added. What is special about water that allows you to put sugar or salt in your coffee? To help answer this question, consider the opposite situation: Why do salt scrubs that you buy in a high-end spa consist of large salt crystals in oil?arrow_forward
- Shows how modern organisms descended from common ancestors Structures that do not serve a function and are similar to those found in earlier organisms 1. Transitional Species Compares the age of fossils to each other based on the layers of rock they are found in 2. Vestigial structure 3. Fossil Record 4. Relative Dating Evidence of gradual change between a new species and its ancestor 5. Radiometric Dating Structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor 6. Homologous Structures uses radioactive elements to narrow down the age of a fossil to a specific periodarrow_forwardWhat is the study of fossils called? Mention any three points how the fossils throw light on past life?arrow_forwardA 2015 article in Nature has summarized the early history of jawed vertebrates using highlights from recent discoveries and how they have changed our understanding of vertebrate evolution. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140416133336.htm Question: Given these recent discoveries, how should the cladogram below change? Describe it. It will likely be helpful to reference a synapomorphy noted on the cladogram.arrow_forward
- 800 Proterozoic 700 600 541 Phanerozoic 485 Demospongiae Hemichordata Echinodermata Vertebrata Nemertea Brachiopoda Mollusca Annelida Bryozoa Priapulida Onychophora Arthropoda Cnidariaarrow_forwardWhat are the two ways of finding the age of a fossil? Describe how relative dating works. What does absolute dating do? Why is the element carbon-14 important for paleontologists? . Developmental Biology - Embryology Many scientists use what an organism looks like as an embryo, or embryology, as evidence for evolution. The embryos of most vertebrates look very similar and have similar structures. For example, fish, bird, rabbit, and human embryos are similar in appearance in early stages. They all have gill slits and a tail with muscles to move it. Later as the embryos develop, they become less and less similar. What does the study of embryology show when comparing most vertebrates?arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions about this phylogenetic tree. What animal represents the out group in this tree and why? What is the derived characteristic of the birds? What is the shared characteristic of 3 to 6? Which number represents the common ancestor of Ostriches and Hawks?arrow_forward
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