Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Apply knowledge that you have gained in this chapter and one or more of the FLaReS principles to evaluate the following statements or claims.
A scientist claims that the increase in the atmosphere concentration of carbon dioxide from 0.02% to 0.04% is not important in terms of global warming. His reasoning is that the water vapor makes up about 2-3% of the atmosphere and water vapor is only about one-tenth as effective as CO2 as a greenhouse gas; thus, the 0.02% increase in CO2 is equivalent to trivial 0.2% increase in water vapor.
Concept Introduction:
FLaReS are a set of rules to test a claim:
Falsifiability: is there any evidence to show that the claim is false.
Logic: Any evidence provided in support of claim must be of sound reasoning. The conclusion follows inevitably from its premises provided the premise is true.
Replicability: If a claim is based on experimental result it is necessary for the evidence to be replicable in subsequent experiment or trial.
Sufficiency: Burden of the evidence for any claim rests on the claimant. Extraordinary claims demand extraordinary evidence. Evidence based on authority and or testimony is never adequate.
If a claim possess all four, then it might be true. On the other hand, it could still be proven false. However, if a claim fails even one of the FLaReS tests it is likely to be false.
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