(a)
Interpretation:
The differences between the use of a hydrogen discharge lamp and deuterium discharge lamps as source for the ultraviolet radiations are to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The hydrogen discharge lamp as well as the deuterium discharge lamps are used to produce the radiations of ultraviolet radiations having the radiations of varied intensity depending on the usage of the discharge source in the lamp.
(b)
Interpretation:
The difference between the use of the filters and the monochromators as the wavelength selectors is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The filters and the monochromators are specifically used for the selection of wavelength, but they are used differently based on their quantitative and qualitative applications. The filters as well as the monochromators are used as the wavelength selectors.But they both have their own fields of application.
(c)
Interpretation:
The difference between the use of photovoltaic cells and the phototubes as the
Concept introduction:
The photovoltaic cells as well as the phototubes work on the same principle. They both make use of the electromagnetic radiations incident on them to give their respective outputs. The cells give the current and voltage as output whereas the phototubes work on the low range of radiations and give other electrical signals.
(d)
Interpretation:
The difference between the use of the photodiodes and the photomultiuplier tubes is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The photodiodes as well as the photomultiplier tubes both make use of the light signals incident on them and produce the required electric signal as per their use.
(e)
Interpretation:
The difference between use of the double beam in space and double beam in time spectrophotometers is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The both spectrophotometers make use of the two beams from the source and these beams are divided and transmitted by using a beam splitter.
(f)
Interpretation:
The difference between the spectrophotometers and the photometers is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The photometers and the spectrophotometer are used to determine the spectrum of the radiations, and they are different from each other in terms of wavelength selector used in them.
(g)
Interpretation:
The difference between the single beam and double beam instruments for absorbance measurements is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The single beam and double beam instruments for absorbance measurements make use of the intensity of the light to measure the absorbance.The double beam instrument makes use of the two beams whereas the single beam make use of single beam.
(h)
Interpretation:
The difference between the conventional and the multichannel spectrophotometers is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The multichannel spectrophotometers take only a second to record the full spectrum, whereas, the conventional spectrophotometers may take even minutes to record a single spectrum.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
- The transmittance of a solution measured at 590 nm in a 1.5-cm cuvette was 76.2%. (a) What is the corresponding absorbance?(b) If the concentration is 0.0802 M, what is the absorptivity of this species at this wavelength? (c) If the absorptivity is 10,000 L mol-1 cm-1, what is the concentration?arrow_forwardA 7.25 x 10 ^-5 M solution of potassium permanganate has a transmittance of 44.1% when measured in a 2.10-cm cell at a wavelength of 525 nm. Calculate (a) the absorbance of this solution and (b) the molar absorptivity of KMnO4arrow_forward5. A 7.25x104 M solution of Potassium cyanide (KCN) has a transmittance of 45.2% when measured in a 2 cm cell at a wavelength of 525 nm. Calculate (a) the absorbance of this solution; (b) the molar absorptivity of KMNO4.arrow_forward
- If you are measuring manganese (Mn) absorption using AAS, which hollow cathode lamp would you select as your source and why?arrow_forwardMatch each statement with one or more of the following: flame AA, flame photometry, atomic fluorescence, ICP, graphite furnace AA, and spark emission. (a) The technique that uses a partially ionized stream of argon gas called a plasma - (b) The technique in which a light source is used to excite atoms, the emission from which is then measured - (c) The three techniques that require light to be directed at the atomized ions - (d) The technique that utilizes a solid sample - (e) The four techniques that measure some form of light emission by excited atoms present in an atomizer - (f) The absorption technique in which the atoms are in the path of the light for a relatively short time - (g) The technique in which the emitting source may reach a temperature of 6000 K -arrow_forwardAn aqueous solution of a triphosphate derivative of molar mass 502 g mol-1, was prepared by dissolving 17.2 mg in enough water to make 500 cm3 of solution and a sample was transferred to a cell of length 1.00 em. The absorbance was measured as 1.011. Calculate (a) the molar absorption coefficient;(b) the transmittance. expressed as a percentage.for a solution of twice the concentration.arrow_forward
- (a) Describe step-by-step procedure how you would use atomic absorption to measure copper in urine?arrow_forward(a) Draw a block diagram of an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Briefly describe the function of each components. (b) What is the process of atomization in atomic absorption spectrometer? Describe the steps of the process in the correct sequence. (c) State TWO interferences that are encountered in atomic absorption spectrometer. Suggest ONE solution to overcome the problem. (d.) What is the main difference, in terms of instrumentation, between atomic absorption spectrometer and atomic emission spectroscopy?arrow_forwardA 7.21 x 10−5 M solution of potassium permanganate has a transmittance of 52.1% whenmeasured in a 3.81-cm cell at a wavelength of 550 nm. Calculate (a) the absorbance of thissolution and (b) the molar absorptivity of KMnO4arrow_forward
- A molecular exclusion column has a diameter of 7.8 mm and a length of 30 cm. The solid portion of the particles occupies 20% of the volume, the pores occupy 40%, and the volume between particles occupies 40%. (a) At what volume would totally excluded molecules be expected to emerge? (b) At what volume would the smallest molecules be expected? (c) A mixture of polymers of various molecular masses is eluted between 23 and 27 mL. What does this imply about the retention mechanism for these solutes on the column?arrow_forward(B) A 0.05 mM solution of DCPIP was placed in a 1 cm spectrophotometer cuvette and a beam of light at 600nm was passed through the cuvette. The extinction coefficient for DCPIP is 3500 L/mole/cm under the specific conditions used. What proportion (as a percentage) of light would emerge from the other side of the cuvette?arrow_forward(a) What is the main difference between a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a spectrofluorometer? (b) What is the main advantage of using a spectrofluorometer in quantitative analysis?arrow_forward
- Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning