Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 10IMT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The evident major theme for the statement given in the book: “If two species have homologous genes with the sequences that match closely, biologists conclude that these sequences must have been inherited from a relatively recent common ancestor” and also explain how the statement relates to the theme.
Introduction:
Evolution is a process of changes occurring in the heritable characters of living organisms over the period of time from generation to generation. These changes help an organism and its generation to survive the changing environment and harsh conditions.
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Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
1a. Discuss the role of Gene Flow in evolution
1b. Explain how Natural Selection operates to bring
about evolutionary change
1c. Explain the attributes of the Biological Species that
ensure that different species do not interbreed.
Your essay including references must not exceed 3
pages
The Selfish Gene is a radical theory that argues that all living creatures are essentially vehicles for their genes- hence, we all are a “survival machine" for our genes.
In the light of what you have learned about the molecular structure and function of the gene, is this perspective still relevant? Cite specific biological phenomena to prove your point.
Which of the following best explains the number of similarities between the amino acid sequences of the Drosophila Hedgehog protein and the Chicken Indian Hedgehog protein?
O A.
The Drosophila hedgehog gene evolved from hedgehogs, which are distantly related to birds.
O B.
Both genes evolved from a gene present in the last common ancestor of Drosphila and chickens, and the number of differences reflects the amount of time that has elapsed during the evolution of these two lineages.
a During the evolution of Drosophila and chickens, a hedgehog like gene arose independently in each lineage, then the gene that arose in chickens diversified.
A These genes are unrelated, and the fact that they are similar is only because the proteins need to have similar biochemical properties.
They are unrelated because chickens don't have segments and Drosophila larvae don't have limb buds.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 13 - Place these levels of classification in order from...Ch. 13 - Which of the following is a true statement about...Ch. 13 - How did the insights of Lyell and other geologists...Ch. 13 - In a population with two alleles for a particular...Ch. 13 - Define fitness from an evolutionary perspective.Ch. 13 - Prob. 6SQCh. 13 - As a mechanism of evolution, natural selection can...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8SQCh. 13 - In a particular bird species, individuis with...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10IMT
Ch. 13 - Prob. 11IMTCh. 13 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...Ch. 13 - Interpreting Data A population of snails has...Ch. 13 - Imagine that the presence or absence of stripes or...Ch. 13 - To what extent are people in a technological...Ch. 13 - What plants and animals have you seen near your...
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- Identify common misconceptions about evolution.Identify common criticisms of evolution.Describe the evolution of COVID-19.arrow_forwardHumans and chimpanzees share about 98% of their DNA. What is DNA? What might be the role of regulatory genes in producing the anatomical differences between these two lineages? Give two examples of how the field of genetics has revolutionized biological science. What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and why is it important in genetics?arrow_forwardSimilarities between genomes of different organisms are evidence of evolutionary relationships, and can be used as a predictive tool in research. True Falsearrow_forward
- a researcher studying two species (species 1 and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight codons from the same gene, gene a, in each and compares them. species 1 and species 2 had a most recent common ancestor 50 million years ago. eight codons of nucleotide sequences are compared between species 1 and species 2. overall, there are six nucleotides that are different between the two species sequences. of these nucleotide differences, one is in the first position of a codon, three are in the second position of a codon, and two are in the third position of a codon. species 1 sequence is a t c, g g g, c g g, g a c, t t a, t t a, t a t, g c c. species 2 sequence is a a c, g g g, c g a, g a c, t a a, c t a, t a t, g g a. given the differences between the sequences of the two species' genes shown here, what evolutionary force can you predict is in operation on gene a? negative selection stabilizing selection balancing selection directional selection positive selection disruptive…arrow_forwardFor each of the following examples, discuss whether the observed result is due to neutral mutations or mutations that have been acted on by natural selection, or both: A. When comparing sequences of homologous genes, differences in the coding sequence are most common at the wobble base (i.e., the third base in each codon). B. For a protein-encoding gene, the regions that encode portions of the polypeptide that are vital for structure and function are less likely to display mutations than other regions of the gene. C. When comparing the sequences of homologous genes, introns usually have more sequence differences than exons.arrow_forwardFill the blank New genes can arise during evolution through: (i) exonshuffling, which can alter the domain structure of proteins;(ii) duplication and divergence that generates gene families;and (iii)_______ mutations in intergenic DNA sequences.arrow_forward
- A group of researchers are trying to determine the relationship between various groups of organisms. The researchers analyze the amino acid sequence of the protein cytochrome c in various groups of organisms. Once they sequence cytochrome c in all organisms, they determine the number of amino acid substitutions in each group. The results can be seen in the graph below, which plots the data with respect to the time since the divergence of the members of paired groups from a common ancestor. A B mammals and reptiles с Number of Amino Acid Substitutions (per 100 amino acids) in Cytochrome, c D 60- 50+ 40+ 30- 20+ 10+ 0 0 O birds and reptiles A graph showing when various groups of organisms diverged from a common ancestor Based on the graph above, can you conclude which of the following organisms are most distantly related? 200 400 600 800 1,000 Time Since Divergence from a Common Ancestor (millions of years) fish and land vertebrates mammals and reptiles birds and mammals insects and…arrow_forwardImagine you are studying two eukaryotic species. The genome of Species A is 100 Mb in size. The genome of Species B is 500 Mb in size. Based only on this information, which of the following statements are accurate? Species B is a more complex organism than Species A. None of the other statements can be made based solely on the information in the question. Species B has more genes than Species A. Species B has more chromosomes, more genes, and is more complex than Species A. Species B has more chromosomes than Species A.arrow_forwardThe existence of ubiquitous genes and proteins (performs the same function in all organisms) strongly support the theory that all life evolved from a common ancestor. With that in mind, what kind of genes might be evolutionarily conserved and universally found in bacteria, plants and animals? Select one: a. genes that code for the synthesis of ribosomes. b. genes that code for the enzymes of glucose metabolism c. genes that code for the synthesis DNA and RNA polymerase d. all of the above. Clear my choicearrow_forward
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