Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 13PS
Interpreting Data A population of snails has recently become established in a new region. The snails are preyed on by birds that break the snails open on rocks, cat the soft bodies, and leave the shells. The snails occur in both striped and unstriped forms. In one area, researchers counted both live snails and broken shells. Their data are summarized here:
| Striped Shells | Unstriped Shells | |
| Number of live snails | 264 | 296 |
| Number of broken snail shells | 486 | 377 |
| Total | 750 | 673 |
Based on these data, which snail form is subject to more predation by birds? Predict how the frequencies of striped and unstriped individuals might charge over time.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Number of rotifers
4500+
4000-
3500
3000-
2500-
2000-
1500-
1000-
500-
0
Key x Rotifers alone (flask X)
• Rotifers when living with
water fleas (flask Z)
2
0 2
X
-+
4
Yo
*
X
X
X
6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Day
Analyze the graph and identify some factors that may contribute to the rotifer population leveling off in the absence of water fleas. Explain your answer
in 1-2 sentences.
You are surveying of the turtle species identifies several breeding populations in different habitats across the island. After a very warm summer of 2020, you observe that the hatchlings from low-elevation nests are mostly males, whereas hatchlings from higher elevations have an equal female-to-male sex ratio. As a bit more background, temperature influences the sex ratio in some turtle species, a phenomenon called temperature-sex determination (TSD). With this knowledge, you hypothesize this new turtle species exhibits TSD, and that eggs incubated at low elevations during the warm year experienced a high enough embryonic temperature to skew the sex ratio. To test this, you collect 20 newly laid eggs in early 2021 & take them back to the lab to conduct an experiment to test your hypothesis that this species exhibits TSD. Assume you know the average nest temperature in the wild, and you have access to multiple incubators
Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that this turtle…
A small number of lizards are introduced to an island. Their native habitat is a forest and they mostly live in trees. The island has few trees and the lizards spend most of their time on the ground where they are eaten by snakes. Over many generations the island population of lizards develop shorter toes and longer legs which allow them to run faster on bare ground. The lizards withe longest legs/shortest toes are the least likely to be caught be snakes.
After several decades lizards are collected from the island and placed in enclosures. Lizards from the original forest habitat are placed in identical enclosures. Each type of lizard mates and has offspring. The offspring resemble their parents and the offspring of island lizards have shorter toes/longer legs than offspring of forest lizards (i.e the differences you see in nature are also found in a lab setting).
This is an example of
Group of answer choices
a. both natural selection and evolution
b. evolution only
c.…
Chapter 13 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 13 - Place these levels of classification in order from...Ch. 13 - Which of the following is a true statement about...Ch. 13 - How did the insights of Lyell and other geologists...Ch. 13 - In a population with two alleles for a particular...Ch. 13 - Define fitness from an evolutionary perspective.Ch. 13 - Prob. 6SQCh. 13 - As a mechanism of evolution, natural selection can...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8SQCh. 13 - In a particular bird species, individuis with...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10IMT
Ch. 13 - Prob. 11IMTCh. 13 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...Ch. 13 - Interpreting Data A population of snails has...Ch. 13 - Imagine that the presence or absence of stripes or...Ch. 13 - To what extent are people in a technological...Ch. 13 - What plants and animals have you seen near your...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- can you draw the survivalship curve of this data? use digital graphing please day animal survivors 0 50 2 44 4 39 7 26 9 24 11 23 14 23 16 23 18 20 21 20arrow_forwardUsing the figure provided, which curve implies that an animal may lay thousands of eggs per year with a regular number dying each year? 1000 Туре 1 100 Type II 10 Type III Age O Type I O Type II O Type III O none of the above a op A insort sc %24 4 & 5 8 Log Number of Survivors (a,) oooarrow_forwardThere are 2 types of worms that eat at night (nocturnal) and worms that eat during the day (diurnal). The birds eat during the day and seem to be eating ONLY the diurnal worms. The nocturnal worms are in their burrows during this time. Each spring when the worms reproduce, they have about 500 babies but only 100 of these 500 over become old enough to reproduce. Describe how some variations are favorable How will this population change over time?arrow_forward
- The Two-Sided Attack on the Spiny Cactus The spiny cactus is a type of plant that lives in a desert environment. A population of spiny cacti shows variation in the number of spines on their outer surfaces. The graph below shows the distribution of the number of spines before the introduction of collared peccaries and parasitic wasps. Spiny Cactus Organism Collared peccary (musk hog) Number of Cacti Parasitic wasp 300 200 100 70 80 Collared peccaries and parasitic wasps are two organisms that were introduced to the ecosystem in which the spiny cactus population lives. The chart describes the relationship between the spiny cacti and these two organisms. I 90 100 110 120 130 Number of Spines Organisms Introduced into the Ecosystem Relationship with Spiny Cactus Plants They eat spiny cactus plants that have a small number of spines. They lay eggs at the base of cactus spines. When the eggs hatch, the emerging grubs dig into the interior of the cactus and eat the inner pulp of the plant,…arrow_forwardA group of researchers are interested in whether temperature has an affect on time to metamorphosis in a species of frog. Eggs from a single pond were obtained and raised at either 15°C or 25°C until metamorphosis completed. Time (days) 15°C 25°C 360 379 375 353 354 299 378 349 385 323 359 298 371 301 355 375 μ 367.1 334.6 S 11.66 33.85 Time to metamorphosis at 25°C quantile Time to metamorphosis at 15°C quantile 385 380 375 370 365 360 355 +3 -1.5 380 360 340 320 300 -1.0 -0.5 00 05 10 1.5 Normal quantile -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 00 0.5 1.0 Normal quantile a) List the potential statistical tests that could be used to test the researcher's hypothesis, how they compare in terms of power, and the assumptions made by those tests. (3 marks) b) Based on the data, which test should be used? Provide a brief explanation and test any assumptions, as necessary to come to your conclusion. (4 marks) c) Conduct a statistical analysis using that test. (8 marks)arrow_forwardThe Two-Sided Attack on the Spiny Cactus The spiny cactus is a type of plant that lives in a desert environment. A population of spiny cacti shows variation in the number of spines on their outer surfaces. The graph below shows the distribution of the number of spines before the introduction of collared peccaries and parasitic wasps. Spiny Cactus Organism Collared peccary (musk hog) Number of Cacti Parasitic wasp 300 200 100 T Collared peccaries and parasitic wasps are two organisms that were introduced to the ecosystem in which the spiny cactus population lives. The chart describes the relationship between the spiny cacti and these two organisms. 70 1 1 80 90 100 110 120 130 Number of Spines Organisms Introduced into the Ecosystem Relationship with Spiny Cactus Plants They eat spiny cactus plants that have a small number of spines. They lay eggs at the base of cactus spines. When the eggs hatch, the emerging grubs dig into the interior of the cactus and eat the inner pulp of the…arrow_forward
- Why are frogs a good indicator species? They are increasing in number, suggesting that they are resistant to environmental degradation. They are resistant to increases in ultraviolet light. They are of considerable economic importance. Their numbers can be manipulated easily with minimal effects on other species. Their eggs do not have hard shells to protect them from environmental contaminants.arrow_forwardRS Edleston was an English naturalist who studied insects in the 1800s. In 1848 he recorded an unusual discovery in his journal. “Today I caught an almost totally black form of Biston betularia (peppered moth) near the centre of Manchester.” This is the first recorded sighting of a dark peppered moth. What was rare in 1848 became common over the next fifty years. By 1900, the peppered moth populations in areas around English cities were as much as 98% dark moths. During that time, England was experiencing what is known as the Industrial Revolution. Factories were being built, and they ran by burning coal for fuel. The result was a dark smoke that covered the surrounding countryside. Trees that had been light and covered by lichens now were dark and bare. Q- Using evidence from the text and today’s lesson, explain why the dark peppered moth population increased to 98% by 1900.arrow_forwardNATURAL SELECTION NATURAL SELECTION IN INSECTS SUBMIT INTRODUCTION LABORATORY SIMULATION Lab Data PHASE 6: Polluted forest Moths G1 G2 G3 G4 Complete the following steps: Released G5 Тyрica 250 125 88 83 76 Select initial allele frequencies 29 Carbonaria 750 510 735 885 1042 1406 Click Next generation to wait a year Total 1000 635 823 968 for first generation of moths 1118 1435 Phenotype Frequency Click Capture moths to monitor population numbers Color Initial Frequency Frequency G5 Next generation Calculate phenotype frequencies in 5th generation. Record in Lab Data 4 Тypica White 0.25 Capture moths Carbonaria Black 0.75 Calculate allele frequencies in 5th Allele Frequency generation. Record in Lab Data Allele Initial Allele Frequency G5 Allele Frequency 6. Calculate genotype frequencies anc number of moths in 5th generation. 0.50 Record in Lab Data 0.50 Genotype Frequency Moths Initial Frequency Number of BELS Moths Genotype Color Released Frequency G5 Moths G5 q? Тypica dd White 250…arrow_forward
- Imagine we census a population of rabbits (assume females only) that has been occupying a barn for a few decades. On June 30, 2021, we census the population right after the reproductive season. We count 650 individuals and divide them into 4 age classes: 0-‐6 months, 6 months-‐1 year, 1 year to 1-‐and-‐a-‐half-‐years, and 1-‐ and-‐a-‐half to 2 years. 350 are in the first age class, 175 are in the second, 90 are in the third, and 35 are in the fourth. We repeat the census at six months and find that none of the newborns (0-‐6 months age class) from the first census have produced any offspring, and that 15% of them have died. We find that the 2nd age class had 75% survival and produced 500 offspring. We also find that only 10% of the 3rd age class has survived, and produced 180 offspring. All the rabbits in the 4th age died and produced zero offspring. (a) What is the life table for this population? (i.e., x, bx, sx, lx)arrow_forwardImagine we census a population of rabbits (assume females only) that has been occupying a barn for a few decades. On June 30, 2021, we census the population right after the reproductive season. We count 650 individuals and divide them into 4 age classes: 0-‐6 months, 6 months-‐1 year, 1 year to 1-‐and-‐a-‐half-‐years, and 1-‐ and-‐a-‐half to 2 years. 350 are in the first age class, 175 are in the second, 90 are in the third, and 35 are in the fourth. We repeat the census at six months and find that none of the newborns (0-‐6 months age class) from the first census have produced any offspring, and that 15% of them have died. We find that the 2nd age class had 75% survival and produced 500 offspring. We also find that only 10% of the 3rd age class has survived, and produced 180 offspring. All the rabbits in the 4th age died and produced zero offspring. (a) What is the life table for this population? (i.e., x, bx, sx, lx) (b) Estimate the replacement rate (R0) for the…arrow_forwardImagine we census a population of rabbits (assume females only) that has been occupying a barn for a few decades. On June 30, 2021, we census the population right after the reproductive season. We count 650 individuals and divide them into 4 age classes: 0-‐6 months, 6 months-‐1 year, 1 year to 1-‐and-‐a-‐half-‐years, and 1-‐ and-‐a-‐half to 2 years. 350 are in the first age class, 175 are in the second, 90 are in the third, and 35 are in the fourth. We repeat the census at six months and find that none of the newborns (0-‐6 months age class) from the first census have produced any offspring, and that 15% of them have died. We find that the 2nd age class had 75% survival and produced 500 offspring. We also find that only 10% of the 3rd age class has survived, and produced 180 offspring. All the rabbits in the 4th age died and produced zero offspring. The age structure at census 1 (6/30/2021) is provided below. What is the age structure at census 2 (12/31/2021)? At Census 3…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
MARINE ECOSYSTEM (Animation); Author: EarthPen;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wrUr0esoI0;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY