Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 9SQ
In a particular bird species, individuáis with average sized wings are more likely to survive severe storms than other birds in the same population with longer or shorter wings. Of the three general outcomes of natural selection (directoral, disruptive, or stabilizing), this example illustrates ____.
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Alternatively, selection may be performed during mating, where mating is done after a selection process of one of the sexes. The surviving individuals can pass on their (1) to the next generation. When these variations are sustained over a long time and the population changes so that it can no longer (2) with the parent population, a new species is said to have evolved.
The following table provides phenotypic data for a population of mammoths living in cold environments based on fossil and DNA evidence.
Based on this data and your knowledge of natural selection, which explanation best explains the trends seen in the data?
Individuals with thicker fur had a survival advantage in the cold environment, allowing these individuals to reproduce more often and create more offspring.
Individuals within this population of mammoths tend to only mate with individuals that have thick fur.
This population of mammoths appear to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium since no allele frequencies are changing over time.
Individuals with thick fur migrated into the population of mammoths, increasing the proportion of these individuals.
Explain how these drawings illustrate
an example of natural selection.
Include the term "adaptive heritable
trait" in your answer.
A deer comes to eat.
| A few weeks later the right-hand cactus has flowers.
This figure shows the
situation a few months later.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 13 - Place these levels of classification in order from...Ch. 13 - Which of the following is a true statement about...Ch. 13 - How did the insights of Lyell and other geologists...Ch. 13 - In a population with two alleles for a particular...Ch. 13 - Define fitness from an evolutionary perspective.Ch. 13 - Prob. 6SQCh. 13 - As a mechanism of evolution, natural selection can...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8SQCh. 13 - In a particular bird species, individuis with...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10IMT
Ch. 13 - Prob. 11IMTCh. 13 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...Ch. 13 - Interpreting Data A population of snails has...Ch. 13 - Imagine that the presence or absence of stripes or...Ch. 13 - To what extent are people in a technological...Ch. 13 - What plants and animals have you seen near your...
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- When imbalances occur in the sex ratio of sexual species that have two sexes (i.e other than a 50:50 ratio). the members of the minority sex often receive a greater proportion of care and resources from parents then do the offspring of the majority sex. this is most clearly an example of? genetic drift, directional selection, frequency dependent selection, stabilizing selection, or postzygotic barrierarrow_forwardIn the Grants’ study of the medium ground finch, do you think the pattern of natural selection was directional, stabilizing, disruptive, or balancing? Explain your answer. If the environment remained dry indefinitely (for many years), what do you think would be the long-term outcome?arrow_forwardNatural and sexual selection both lead to evolution, but these processes can work against each other. Differentiate between these two forms of selection and give an example of a situation where natural selection reduces mate choice and sexual selection reduces survival.arrow_forward
- This figure can be used to represent the sequence of events leading to the evolution of dark-furred mouse populations living on lava flows in the southwest. Which statement is false when considering evolution of these pocket mice? The different size hexagons represent neighboring populations. The color change in the smaller hexagon indicates the phenotypic divergence due to natural selection. Darker fur is due to environmental conditions on the lava flow, like the intensity of UV radiation. Natural selection favored the darker fur, which increased the frequency of mutated alleles in the population. Timearrow_forwardThe trait that natural selection “selects for” is lifetime Darwinian fitness. If relative matching of the moths to the background is determining fitness differences, is there any difference in other fitness components in the color morphs of Biston betularia that is influencing the direction of evolution in the three populations shown in the graph? Give a reason for your answer.arrow_forwardSome worms eat at night (meaning they are nocturnal) and some worms eat during the day (meaning they are diurnal.) Most birds eat only during the day, so they are only eating diurnal worms, due to the fact that the nocturnal worms are burrowing during this time. Each spring when the worms reproduce about 500 offspring are born but only 100 of them live long enough to reproduce themselves. Explain how natural selection will occur and include the 4 principals of natural selection.arrow_forward
- Which one of the following would be considered an example of sexual selection? Similar death rates due to disease in both sexes of a species The presence of both male and female reproductive structures within each individual of a species Longer tailed males of a bird species mating more frequently on average than shorter tailed males of the same species Higher offspring survival in individuals homozygous for one type of allele compared to individuals homozygous for a different allele at the same locus The ability of a species to utilize either asexual or sexual reproductionarrow_forwardThe trait that natural selection “selects for” is lifetime Darwinian fitness. If relative matching of the moths to the background is determining fitness differences, is there any difference in other fitness components in the color morphs of Biston betularia that is influencing the direction of evolution in the three populations shown in the graph?arrow_forwardWhat data would suggest that a species evolutionary history includes sexual selection as a mechanism that helped shape the species? If males and females are significantly different from each other (sexual dimporphism) If males and females form different social groups (i.e. herds are formed from either males or females but not both) If some males reproduce with multiple females while other males do not reproduce If males engage in "risky" behaviorarrow_forward
- Consider this example. On a tropical island, there are iguanas that are green, blue, and yellow. The green iguanas can camouflage in the green grass, the yellow iguanas can camouflage in the dry, yellow grass. And the blue iguanas try to run fast to get away from prey. Over time, the blue iguanas disappear on the island, while the green and yellow iguanas survive. What type of natural selection is this? A. Balancing or Stabilizing selection B. Disruptive or Diversifying selection C. Directional selection D. Sexual selectionarrow_forwardREAD THIS: Notice that natural selection does not refer to individuals changing. Kath Trequency of adaptive heritable traits in a population changes as a result of natural selection. REQUIREMENTS FOR NATURAL SELECTION TO OCCUR: 17a. Assuming that both types of pom-poms are present in the population, what do you think would happen to the pom-pom population if the black forest experienced a prolonged drought so all the trees died and the habitat became red grassland? 17b. Next, think about an alternative scenario. Suppose that natural selection over many generations had eliminated all the red pom-poms in the black forest habitat so only black pom- poms survived. After that, a prolonged drought resulted in this habitat turning into a red grassland. Would natural selection for pom-pom color occur? Why or why not? 17c. The above scenarios are showing that in order for natural selection to occur must exist within a trait.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is most likely to cause changes in wing color allele frequencies in Dumbledore beetles over a 10 year period? These beetles live on islands, are weak fliers, have small populations, and fitness does not vary with wing color.arrow_forward
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