Fundamentals of Biostatistics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305268920
Author: Bernard Rosner
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 64P
To determine
Test whether there is significant difference in mean change, in percent stenosis among the four groups.
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Dark Chocolate for Good Health
A study¹ examines chocolate's effects on blood vessel function in healthy people. In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
study, 11 people received 46 grams (1.6 ounces) of dark chocolate (which is naturally flavonoid-rich) every day for two weeks, while a
control group of 10 people received a placebo consisting of dark chocolate with low flavonoid content. Participants had their vascular
health measured (by means of flow-mediated dilation) before and after the two-week study. The increase over the two-week period
was measured, with larger numbers indicating greater vascular health. For the group getting the good dark chocolate, the mean
increase was 1.3 with a standard deviation of 2.32, while the control group had a mean change of -0.96 with a standard deviation of
1.58.
¹Engler, M., et. al., "Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in
healthy adults," Journal of the…
In a study conducted in the Science Department of Faculty of Science, Technology and Human Development in a University; the researcher examined the influence of the drug succinylcholine on the circulation levels of androgens in the blood. Blood samples from wild, free-ranging deer were obtained via the jugular vein immediately after an intramuscular injection of succinylcholine using darts and a capture gun. Deer were bled again approximately 30 minutes after the injection and then released. The level of androgens at time of capture and 30 minutes later, measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml), for 15 deers as in Table Q1.
Assuming that the populations of androgen at time of injection and 30 minutes later are normally distributed:i) Find the average and standard deviation of this studyii)Determine the critical region of this problem.iii) Test at the 0.05 level of significance whether the androgen concentrations are altered after 30 minutes of restraint.
Omega-3 An experiment that showed that high doses ofomega-3 fats might be of benefit to people with bipolardisorder involved a control group of subjects whoreceived a placebo. Why didn’t the experimenters justgive everyone the omega-3 fats to see if they improved?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Fundamentals of Biostatistics
Ch. 12 - Nutrition Researchers compared protein intake...Ch. 12 - Nutrition Researchers compared protein intake...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3PCh. 12 - Prob. 4PCh. 12 - Prob. 5PCh. 12 - Pulmonary Disease Twenty-two young asthmatic...Ch. 12 - Pulmonary Disease Twenty-two young asthmatic...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8PCh. 12 - Prob. 32PCh. 12 - Gastroenterology In Table 12.39, we present data...
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- Current Attempt in Progress Dark Chocolate for Good Health A study examines chocolate's effects on blood vessel function in healthy people. In the randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study, 11 people received 46 grams (1.6 ounces) of dark chocolate (which is naturally flavonoid-rich) every day for two weeks, while a control group of 10 people received a placebo consisting of dark chocolate with low flavonoid content. Participants had their vascular health measured (by means of flow-mediated dilation) before and after the two-week study. The increase over the two-week period was measured, with larger numbers indicating greater vascular health. For the group getting the good dark chocolate, the mean increase was 1.3 with a standard deviation of 2.32, while the control group had a mean change of-0.96 with a. standard deviation of 1.58. "Engler, M., et. al., "Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy…arrow_forwardBeachcomber Ltd in a local car dealership that sells used and new vehicles. The manager of thecompany wants to know how different variables affect the sales of his vehicles. A random sample of yearly data was taken with the view to testing the model:SALES=α+βAGE+γMIL+δENGWhere SALES= amount that a vehicle is sold for($000’s), AGE = age of the vehicle, MIL= the total mileage of the vehicle at the point of sale and ENG = the size of the engine. The sample of data was processed using MINITAB and the following is an extract of the output obtained: The regression equation is ***** Coef StDev t-ratio p-value Predictor Constant 1.7586 0.2525 6.9648 0.0000AGE 0.2124 0.3175 * 0.5042MIL -0.7527 0.3586 -2.0991 **ENG 4.8124 0.6196 7.7664 0.0000R-sq=56.1% R-sq(adj) =59.8% Analysis of VarianceSource DF SS MS F pRegression 3 413.1291 138.7097 *** 0.00Error 50 457.7607 2.2888Total 53 a) What is dependent and independent variables? b) Fully write out the regression equation c) Fill in the missing…arrow_forwardA randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine whether treatment with daily aspirin was more effective than placebo at preventing myocardial infarction (MI) (within 5 years). A total of 140 out of 11,140 subjects in the aspirin group experienced an MI, while 240 out of 11,040 subjects in the placebo group experienced an MI. The relative risk of MI comparing aspirin to placebo was calculated to be 0.58, and its 95% confidence interval ranged from 0.47 to 0.71. Which of the following can be concluded from these results? Question 4 options: On average, the risk of MI among subjects who used aspirin was 0.58 times the risk of MI among those on placebo. On average, aspirin reduced the risk of MI in this population by 58% when compared to placebo. Aspirin is almost certainly harmful to this population. Compared to placebo, aspirin did not reduce the risk of MI by a statistically significant amount.arrow_forward
- In a single-blind controlled experiment comparing the efficacy of oral administration vs. intramuscular injection to remedy Vitamin D deficiency in the population of healthy adults ages 18–60, a team of researchers randomly recruited and assigned a sample of 12 subjects to the intramuscular injection (IM) group. Before administering the single intramuscular injection of 100,000 IU of Vitamin D to each subject in the group, the researchers measured individual baseline blood serum concentration of Vitamin D (baseline 250HD) in units of nanomoles per liter. The team reported the sample mean baseline 250HD in the IM group as 33 nmol/l with a sample standard deviation of 8.5 nmol/l. Assuming that baseline 250HD was approximately normally distributed in the population, the team also reported the 95% confidence level t-interval for the mean baseline 250HD as (26.3, 39.7). Select the correct interpretation of the 95% confidence level t-interval for the mean baseline 250HD. The researchers…arrow_forwardA horse is fed 19.1 pounds per day of hay (AF basis), and excretes 20.6 pounds per day of feces (as is) and 9.5 pounds per day of urine (wet). Lab analysis shows that the hay contains 91.2% DM and 59.1% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on a DM basis, and the feces contains 30.4% DM and 52.9% NDF on a DM basis. What is the percent NDF digestibility of the hay? You Answered Correct Answer 67.82 margin of error 0.5arrow_forwardThe antibiotic gentamicin sulphate is often blended with acrylic bone cement to help prevent infection following joint replacement surgery. The article "Incorporation of Large Amounts of Gentamicin Sulphate Into Acrylic Bone Cement: Effect on Handling and Mechanical Properties, Antibiotic Release, and Biofilm Formation" (N. Dunne, P. MCAfee, et al., Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 2008:355-365) presents a study of the effect of the amount of antibiotic added on various properties of the cement. Following are measurements of the setting time of the cement, for six levels of antibiotic amount, and three replications per level. The measurements are consistent with means and standard deviations presented in the article. Antibiotic per 40 g Cement Setting Time (min) 0g 0.58 1g 12.7 14.1 13.2 13.5 14.5 14.6 12.7 13.4 13.2 12.7 13.6 14.1 13.4 13.5 14.3 14.5 13.5 14.9 Construct an ANOVA table. You may give a range for the P-value. Can you conclude that there are differences among the mean…arrow_forward
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