Fox and McDonald's Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781118912652
Author: Philip J. Pritchard, John W. Mitchell
Publisher: WILEY
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 48P
Oxygen discharges from a tank through a convergent nozzle. The temperature and velocity in the jet are −20°C and 270 m/s, respectively. What is the temperature in the tank? What is the temperature on the nose of a small object in the jet?
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Air enters a diffuser with velocity 289.3m/sec and temperature T₁-300°K and
exits with negligible velocity. Assume that air is an ideal gas with Cp=1.004
kJ/kg. Determine the temperature T₁ at the outlet of the diffuser. Provide your
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1
Carbon dioxide flows steadily through a varying cross-
sectional-area duct such as a nozzle at a mass flow rate of 3
kg/s. The carbon dioxide enters the duct at a pressure of 1400
kPa and 200°C with a low velocity, and it expands in the nozzle
to a pressure of 200 kPa. The duct is designed so that the flow
can be approximated as isentropic.
Determine the following parameters at each location along the
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(i)
density;
(ii)
velocity:
(iii)
flow area;
(iv)
mach number.
You may assume:
• Carbon dioxide is an ideal gas with constant specific heats at
room temperature;
• Flow through the duct is steady, one-dimensional and isentropic.
Use c, 0 846 kJ/kgk andk = 1.289 throughout the calculations,
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In typical jet-engine testings, a static thrust stand similar to the one shown below is used to mount the
engine. In engine testing, pressure is usually expressed in gauge pressure. At the engine inlet, air is steadily
introduced, and its cross-sectional area is 1.2 m². The inlet condition is given by 250 m/s, 50 kPa (gauge)
and -50°C. The nozzle-exhaust gas has a velocity of 550 m/s, and its absolute pressure is 101 kPa, the same
as the atmospheric pressure.
(a) Estimate the thrust force applied to the stand during the engine testing. Assume that the incoming air
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(b) Repeat (a) when fuel supplied to the engine is taken into account. The fuel mass flow rate into the
engine is equal to 2% of the mass flow rate of incoming air. Which thrust force is likely to provide more
accurate estimation?
250 m/s
50 kPa
-50°C
Jet engine
Open atmosphere
550 m/s
0 kPa
Static thrust stand
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Fox and McDonald's Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
Ch. 12 - Air is expanded in a steady flow process through a...Ch. 12 - Five kilograms of air is cooled in a closed tank...Ch. 12 - Air is contained in a piston-cylinder device. The...Ch. 12 - Calculate the power delivered by the turbine per...Ch. 12 - If hydrogen flows as a perfect gas without...Ch. 12 - A 1-m3 tank contains air at 0.1 MPa absolute and...Ch. 12 - Air enters a turbine in steady flow at 0.5 kg/s...Ch. 12 - Natural gas, with the thermodynamic properties of...Ch. 12 - Carbon dioxide flows at a speed of 10 m/s in a...Ch. 12 - In an isothermal process, 0.1 cubic feet of...
Ch. 12 - Calculate the speed of sound at 20C for (a)...Ch. 12 - An airplane flies at 550 km/hr at 1500 m altitude...Ch. 12 - Actual performance characteristics of the Lockheed...Ch. 12 - For a speed of sound in steel of 4300 m/s,...Ch. 12 - Determine and plot the Mach number of an...Ch. 12 - Investigate the effect of altitude on Mach number...Ch. 12 - The grandstand at the Kennedy Space Center is...Ch. 12 - Use data for specific volume to calculate and plot...Ch. 12 - An object traveling in atmospheric air emits two...Ch. 12 - An object traveling in atmospheric air emits two...Ch. 12 - While at the seashore, you observe an airplane...Ch. 12 - The temperature varies linearly from sea level to...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23PCh. 12 - A photograph of a bullet shows a Mach angle of 32....Ch. 12 - An F-4 aircraft makes a high-speed pass over an...Ch. 12 - All aircraft passes overhead at 3 km altitude. The...Ch. 12 - A supersonic aircraft flies at 3 km altitude at a...Ch. 12 - For the conditions of Problem 12.27, find the...Ch. 12 - The Concorde supersonic transport cruised at M =...Ch. 12 - Plot the percentage discrepancy between the...Ch. 12 - Compute the air density in the undisturbed air and...Ch. 12 - Carbon dioxide flows in a duct at a velocity of 90...Ch. 12 - If nitrogen at 15C is flowing and the stagnation...Ch. 12 - An aircraft cruises at M = 0.65 at 10 km altitude...Ch. 12 - High-speed aircraft use air data computers to...Ch. 12 - A supersonic wind tunnel test section is designed...Ch. 12 - Oxygen flows in a passage at a pressure of 25...Ch. 12 - What is the pressure on the nose of a bullet...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39PCh. 12 - Air flows in an insulated duct. At point the...Ch. 12 - Consider steady, adiabatic flow of air through a...Ch. 12 - Air passes through a normal shock in a supersonic...Ch. 12 - A Boeing 747 cruises at M = 0:87 at an altitude of...Ch. 12 - Space debris impact is a real concern for...Ch. 12 - A CO2 cartridge is used to propel a toy rocket....Ch. 12 - Nitrogen flows from a large tank, through a...Ch. 12 - Air flows from the atmosphere into an evacuated...Ch. 12 - Oxygen discharges from a tank through a convergent...Ch. 12 - The hot gas stream at the turbine inlet of a JT9-D...Ch. 12 - Carbon dioxide discharges from a tank through a...Ch. 12 - Air at 100F and 100 psia in a large tank flows...Ch. 12 - Calculate the required diameter of a convergent...Ch. 12 - Steam flows steadily and isentropically through a...Ch. 12 - Nitrogen flows through a diverging section of duct...Ch. 12 - At a section in a passage, the pressure is 30...Ch. 12 - In a given duct flow M = 2.0; the velocity...Ch. 12 - Air flows isentropically through a converging...Ch. 12 - Five pounds of air per second discharge from a...Ch. 12 - Air flows isentropically through a...Ch. 12 - Air, at an absolute pressure of 60.0 kPa and 27C,...Ch. 12 - Carbon dioxide flows from a tank through a...Ch. 12 - A convergent-divergent nozzle of 50-mm tip...Ch. 12 - Air flows adiabatically through a duct. At the...Ch. 12 - Air flows isentropically through a converging...Ch. 12 - Air flows isentropically through a converging...Ch. 12 - Atmospheric air at 98.5 kPa and 20C is drawn into...Ch. 12 - The exit section of a convergent-divergent nozzle...Ch. 12 - Air flowing isentropically through a converging...Ch. 12 - Air flows from a large tank at p = 650 kPa...Ch. 12 - A converging nozzle is connected to a large tank...Ch. 12 - Air at 0C is contained in a large tank on the...Ch. 12 - A large tank initially is evacuated to 10 kPa...Ch. 12 - Air flows isentropically through a converging...Ch. 12 - Air enters a converging-diverging nozzle at 2 MPa...Ch. 12 - Prob. 75PCh. 12 - A jet transport aircraft, with pressurized cabin,...Ch. 12 - A converging-diverging nozzle, with a throat area...Ch. 12 - Air, at a stagnation pressure of 7.20 MPa absolute...Ch. 12 - A small rocket motor, fueled with hydrogen and...Ch. 12 - Testing of a demolition explosion is to be...Ch. 12 - A total-pressure probe is placed in a supersonic...Ch. 12 - Air flows steadily through a long, insulated...Ch. 12 - Air discharges through a convergent-divergent...Ch. 12 - A normal shock wave exists in an airflow. The...Ch. 12 - Air approaches a normal shock at V1 = 900 m/s, p1...Ch. 12 - Air approaches a normal shock at M1 = 2.5, with...Ch. 12 - Air undergoes a normal shock. Upstream, T1 = 35C,...Ch. 12 - If, through a normal shock wave in air, the...Ch. 12 - The stagnation temperature in an airflow is 149C...Ch. 12 - A supersonic aircraft cruises at M = 2.2 at 12 km...Ch. 12 - The Concorde supersonic transport flew at M = 2.2...
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