Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 3DAA
BPA and Abnormal Meiosis In 1998, researchers at Case Western University were studying meiosis in mouse oocytes (germ cells) when they saw an unexpected and dramatic increase of abnormal events (FIGURE 12.6). Improper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis is one of the main causes or human genetic disorders.
The spike in abnormal meiosis began right after the mouse facility started washing the animals' plastic cages and water bottles in a new, alkaline detergent. The detergent had damaged the plastic, which as a result was leaching bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is a synthetic chemical that mimics estrogen, the main female sex hormone in animals. Though it has since been banned for use in baby bottles, BPA is still widely used to manufacture other plastic items and epoxies (such as the coating on the inside of metal cans of food). BPA-free plastics are often manufactured with a related compound, bisphenol S (BPS), that has effects similar to BPA.
FIGURE 12.6 Abnormalities in meiosis that occurred after exposure to BPA.
Top, the most abnormal meiosis events occurred in mice that were housed in damaged plastic caging with damaged plastic bottles. Damaged plastic releases BPA.
Bottom, fluorescent micrographs show the chromosomes (red) and spindle (green) in nuclei of mouse germ cells in metaphase I. A Normal metaphase; B–D abnormal metaphase.
What is abnormal about metaphase I as it is occurring in the oocytes shown in FIGURE 12.6B, C, and D?
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MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. In the following items, read each statement carefully. I. Mitosis and meiosis are two cellular process that might be quite similar in terms of stages, but technically, different process that have two different functions. II. As an example, mitosis involves the production of genetically different daughter cells whereas meiosis involves the production of genetically identical daughter cells.
a. The first statement (I) is correct and the second statement (II) is wrong
b. The first statement (I) is wrong and the second statement (II) is correct
c. Both statements are correct
d. Both statements are wrong
I. The continuity of life from one cell to another has its foundation in the reproduction of cells by way of the cell cycle.II. The cell cycle is an orderly sequence of events in the life of a cell from the division of a single parent cell to produce two new daughter cells and are highly conserved across eukaryotes.…
True or False.
1. a.) A diploid organism with 2N=8 would have 4 chromosomes in each gamete.
b.) Homologous chromosomes do not pair up during asexual cell division.
c.) Gametes have the same number of chromosomes as a somatic cell.
d.) Cell division would not be possible without the work of DNA Polymerase.
Pick one of the FALSE statements from the 4 previous questions and explain why it is incorrect.
the chromosomes of a yellow fever mosquito (Aedes
aegypti). The species has 6 chromosome number (2n=6). Using this illustration, draw a
schematic diagram of the cell division (mitosis) of the mosquito.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 12 - BPA and Abnormal Meiosis In 1998, researchers at...Ch. 12 - BPA and Abnormal Meiosis In 1998, researchers at...Ch. 12 - BPA and Abnormal Meiosis In 1998, researchers at...Ch. 12 - One evolutionary advantage of sexual over asexual...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2SQCh. 12 - Prob. 3SQCh. 12 - Prob. 4SQCh. 12 - Meiosis ______ the parental chromosome number. a....Ch. 12 - Dogs have a diploid chromosome number or 78. How...Ch. 12 - The cell in the diagram to the right is in...
Ch. 12 - Which of the following cells can undergo meiosis?...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9SQCh. 12 - Crossing over mixes up ______. a. chromosomes b....Ch. 12 - Crossing over happens during which phase of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12SQCh. 12 - Which of the following is one of the very...Ch. 12 - Match each term with the best description. _______...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15SQCh. 12 - The diploid chromosome number for the body cells...Ch. 12 - In your own words, describe how genetic diversity...Ch. 12 - Make a simple sketch of meiosis in a cell with a...Ch. 12 - Asexually reproducing animal populations are rare,...Ch. 12 - Figure 12-7 shows how meiosis in a cell with three...
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- Equalizing the Expression of X Chromosome Genes in Males and Females Individuals with an XXY genotype are sterile males. If one X is inactivated early in embryogenesis, the genotype of the individual effectively becomes XY. Why will this individual not develop as a normal male?arrow_forwardA cell from a human female has just undergone mitosis. For unknown reasons, the centromere of chromosome 7 failed to divide. Describe the chromosomal contents of the daughter cells.arrow_forwardBiologists have long been interested in the effects of radiation on cells. In one experiment, researchers examined the effect of radium on mitosis of chick embryo cells growing in culture. A population of experimental cells was examined under the microscope for the number of cells in telophase (as a measure of mitosis occurring) before, during, and after exposure to radium. The results are shown in the Figure. What is the effect of radium exposure on mitosis? Source: R. G. Canti and M. Donaldson. 1926. The effect of radium on mitosis in vitro. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character 100:413419.arrow_forward
- Chromosomal Basis of Heredity Eukaryotic chromosomes are thousands of times longer than a typical cell. Explain how chromosomes can fit inside a eukaryotic nucleus. How are chromosomes in eukaryotic cells packaged? Chromosome abnormalities can be structural or numerical. Enumerate at least 3 examples of each, giving the numerical or structural changes in the chromosomes.arrow_forward50 μm Figure 3. Grasshopper testis with differential staining and viewed under a microscope. Encircle the cell and label the specific stage in the meiosis it displays. Identify as many as you can witha minimum of two cells representing different stages. Make sure to specify whether the stage belongs to meiosis I or II. If you identify a cell at prophase I, then specify the substage. SALEarrow_forwardChromosomes and Genetics Name 1. Edward and Jenna had 4 children together. They have a few "interesting" traits, shall we say! Look at the chromosome combinations that each child received and list their genotype and phenotype. Key: D= long eyelashes B = brown eyes F= freckles G = vampire teeth T= tall W = werewolf fur d = short eyelashes b = red eyes f= no freckles g = no vampire teeth t = short w = no werewolf furarrow_forward
- How many chromosomes are there in each stage of mitosis in onion and in animal like Drosophilaarrow_forwardAsaparrow_forwardMeiosis - How Your Body Makes Sperm or Eggs Name:2omlyilm020 Mitosis gives rise to almost all the cells in the body. A different type of cell division called meiosis gives rise to sperm and eggs. During fertilization the sperm and egg unite to form a single cell called the zygote which contains chromosomes from both the sperm and egg. The zygote undergoes mitosis to begin development of the human embryo which eventually becomes a baby. Why can't your body use mitosis to make sperm or eggs? 1. Suppose human sperm and eggs were produced by mitosis. How many chromosomes would each sperm or egg have? 2. If a sperm of this type fertilized an egg of this type, and both the sperm and egg contributed all of their chromosomes to a zygote, how many chromosomes would the resulting zygote have? 3. In humans, how many chromosomes should a zygote have, so the baby's body cells will each have a normal set of chromosomes? Obviously, if the body used mitosis to make sperm and eggs, the resultant zygote…arrow_forward
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