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Meiosis - How Your Body Makes Sperm or Eggs

Meiosis - How Your Body Makes Sperm or Eggs

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)
5th Edition
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Chapter8: How Cells Reproduce
Section: Chapter Questions
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Meiosis - How Your Body Makes Sperm or Eggs Name:2omlyilm020 Mitosis gives rise to almost all the cells in the body. A different type of cell division called meiosis gives rise to sperm and eggs. During fertilization the sperm and egg unite to form a single cell called the zygote which contains chromosomes from both the sperm and egg. The zygote undergoes mitosis to begin development of the human embryo which eventually becomes a baby. Why can't your body use mitosis to make sperm or eggs? 1. Suppose human sperm and eggs were produced by mitosis. How many chromosomes would each sperm or egg have? 2. If a sperm of this type fertilized an egg of this type, and both the sperm and egg contributed all of their chromosomes to a zygote, how many chromosomes would the resulting zygote have? 3. In humans, how many chromosomes should a zygote have, so the baby's body cells will each have a normal set of chromosomes? Obviously, if the body used mitosis to make sperm and eggs, the resultant zygote would have too many chromosomes to produce a normal baby. 4. To produce a normal zygote, how many chromosomes should each sperm and egg have? To produce the needed number of chromosomes in sperm and eggs, meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes by half. For example, in humans each sperm and each egg produced by meiosis has only 23 chromosomes (one chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes). Therefore, after an egg and sperm are united during fertilization, the resulting zygote has 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, one in each pair from the egg and one from the sperm. When the zygote undergoes mitosis to begin to form an embryo, each cell will have the normal number of 46 chromosomes. Cells that have two copies of each chromosome (i.e. cells that have pairs of homologous chromosomes) are called diploid cells. Most of the cells in our bodies are diploid cells. Cells that only have one copy of every chromosome are called haploid cells. 5. Which types of cells in our bodies are haploid? Before meiosis, the cell makes a copy of the DNA in each chromosome. Then, during meiosis there are two cell divisions, melosis I and meiosis II. This reduces the chromosome number by half and produces four haploid daughter cells.
Transcribed Image Text:Meiosis - How Your Body Makes Sperm or Eggs Name:2omlyilm020 Mitosis gives rise to almost all the cells in the body. A different type of cell division called meiosis gives rise to sperm and eggs. During fertilization the sperm and egg unite to form a single cell called the zygote which contains chromosomes from both the sperm and egg. The zygote undergoes mitosis to begin development of the human embryo which eventually becomes a baby. Why can't your body use mitosis to make sperm or eggs? 1. Suppose human sperm and eggs were produced by mitosis. How many chromosomes would each sperm or egg have? 2. If a sperm of this type fertilized an egg of this type, and both the sperm and egg contributed all of their chromosomes to a zygote, how many chromosomes would the resulting zygote have? 3. In humans, how many chromosomes should a zygote have, so the baby's body cells will each have a normal set of chromosomes? Obviously, if the body used mitosis to make sperm and eggs, the resultant zygote would have too many chromosomes to produce a normal baby. 4. To produce a normal zygote, how many chromosomes should each sperm and egg have? To produce the needed number of chromosomes in sperm and eggs, meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes by half. For example, in humans each sperm and each egg produced by meiosis has only 23 chromosomes (one chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes). Therefore, after an egg and sperm are united during fertilization, the resulting zygote has 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, one in each pair from the egg and one from the sperm. When the zygote undergoes mitosis to begin to form an embryo, each cell will have the normal number of 46 chromosomes. Cells that have two copies of each chromosome (i.e. cells that have pairs of homologous chromosomes) are called diploid cells. Most of the cells in our bodies are diploid cells. Cells that only have one copy of every chromosome are called haploid cells. 5. Which types of cells in our bodies are haploid? Before meiosis, the cell makes a copy of the DNA in each chromosome. Then, during meiosis there are two cell divisions, melosis I and meiosis II. This reduces the chromosome number by half and produces four haploid daughter cells.
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