Biology: Concepts and Investigations
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260259049
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 12, Problem 2PIT
Add the terms genotype,
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Consider the roles of different types of selective pressure.
Part A: Compare and contrast sexual selection, artificial selection, and natural selection.
Part B: Give examples of traits that may be favored in sexual selection, artificial selection, and natural
selection. For each, explain if the trait would be favored by one type of selection but selected against by
another type of selection.
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Give an example of each of the following evolutionary forces: mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and nonrandom mating.
Give one example of how allele frequencies change from one generation to the next due to mutation, migration, genetic drift, nonrandom mating, and selection.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology: Concepts and Investigations
Ch. 12.1 - What are two ways to define evolution?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 12.2 - How does the history of evolutionary thought...Ch. 12.2 - What did Darwin observe that led him to develop...Ch. 12.2 - How might artificial selection and natural...Ch. 12.2 - What is the modern evolutionary synthesis?Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 12.3 - How can natural selection favor different...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 4MC
Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 5MCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 12.6 - What is the difference between intrasexual...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 1MCCh. 12.7 - South China tigers have two color patterns...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 3MCCh. 12.7 - Prob. 4MCCh. 12.8 - What hypothesis did Conover and Munch test?Ch. 12.8 - Prob. 2MCCh. 12 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 12 - What is the most accurate way to ex plain the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 12 - List and describe five mechanisms of evolutionCh. 12 - Explain how understanding evolution is important...Ch. 12 - Write a paragraph that describes the connections...Ch. 12 - Fraggles are mythical, mouselike creatures that...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5WIOCh. 12 - Prob. 6WIOCh. 12 - Jellyfish Lake, located on the Pacific island of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 12 - Review the Survey the Land scape figu re in th e...Ch. 12 - Add the terms genotype, phenotype, allele...
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- Selection may also act against heterozygotes. How do allele frequencies change if the two homozygotes have unequal fitness, but heterozgotes have a constant 50% reduced fitness? Simulate allele frequency changes with multiple values of p0 (between 0 and 1). can you explain what happens and whyarrow_forwardGraph 2: Draw the predictions of a population genetics model when the starting allele frequency of the A1 allele is 0.2, individuals that are homozygous for the A1 allele have a 5% increase in fitness, and otherwise all assumptions of the Hardy Weinberg model are true. 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0arrow_forwardSelection may also act against heterozygotes. How do allele frequencies change if the two homozygotes have equal fitness, but heterozgotes have a 50% reduced fitness? Explain what happens and whyarrow_forward
- Evolution determines the change in inherited traits over time to ensure survival. There are three variants identified as Variant 1 with high reproductive rate, eats fruits and seeds; Variant 2, thick fur, produces toxins; and Variant 3 with thick fur, fast and resistant to disease. These variants are found in a cool, wet, and soil environment. In time 0 years with cool and wet environment, the population is 50,000 with 10,000 Variant 1, 15,000 Variant 2, and 25,000 of Variant 3. Two thousand years past, the environment remained the same with constant average temperature and rainfall. Variant 1 with a population of 26,000, Variant 2, 35,000, and Variant 3, 62,000. A disease spread throughout the population. However the population increased to 72,000. Determine the percentage increase in the population of the variants.arrow_forwardCalculate selection for the following scenario. In a population of prairie dogs living on a prairie, prairie dogs with genotype aa have 8 offspring per year on average, those with genotype Aa have 4 offspring per year on average, and those with genotype AA have 3 offspring per year on average. Round selection to the nearest hundredth, report selection as a value ranging from "0.00" to "1.00" Selection on genotype Aa: Selection on genotype AA: Selection on genotype aa: Which genotype has the highest fitness? Fill in the blank with homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessivearrow_forwardApply the VIDA table to the evolution of sickle cell disease to justify whether it is an instance of evolution by natural selection. Answer the following questions. Is there variation in this trait in the population? How exactly does it vary? Is the trait at least partly inherited? Is there selection for this trait in a particular environment? (What is the selective pressure? And how does a trait give an advantage or disadvantage in that environment?) What is the evidence that this trait makes organisms better adapted to their environment?arrow_forward
- Explain how sexual selection might lead to a)sexual dimorphism and b) members of one sex (usually male) having traits that do not enhance their survivalarrow_forwardWhich is an example of disruptive selection? Group of answer choices Drug resistance increases with each generation; the resistant bacteria survive, and the nonresistant bacteria get killed off. Swiss starlings usually lay four or five eggs, thereby increasing their chances of more offspring. Over time, Equus developed strength, intelligence, speed and durable grinding teeth. Panay island snails mainly have two different phenotypes, black and white shells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a change in allele frequency due to chance alone? Founder effect Gene flow Genetic drift Bottleneckarrow_forward
- The graphs below show the change in allele frequency over 500 generations of natural selection. The two graphs represent two populations experiencing two different selective scenarios. Which statement best describes the difference between the two populations? 1000T 0.900 f(A) f(A) 0400 0300 0300 0200 0.100 250 300 150 400 30 100 190 200 Generatioe a) * Selection is favoring a beneficial recessive allele in the population on the left and a beneficial dominant allele in the population on the right. b) The selective coefficient is smaller in the population on the left than in the population on the right. c)" The graph on the left shows heterozygote advantage; the graph on the right shows a beneficial dominant allele. d) * The graph on the left shows genetic drift; the graph on the right shows natural selection. The graph on the left shows an unstable equilibrium; the graph on the right shows a stable equilibrium.arrow_forwardAssume you are studying a population of ocean shrimp that reproduce asexually. You sequence the ocean shrimp and the species that is their closest living relative that reproduces sexually. You find that the asexually reproducing species has a higher number of mutations in the genome. This finding would provide support for which of the following ideas? Linkage disequilibrium Stabilizing selection Disruptive selection Muller's ratchetarrow_forwardList and explain the three conditions that must be met in order for a population to evolve by natural selection.arrow_forward
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