Chapter 12, Problem 2D

Explanation of Solution

 Object oriented design:

• A set of process that is involved in developing a set of classes for problem solving is called as object oriented design.
• It is considered as most powerful complement to the top-down design for developing a reliable, cost-effective software system.
• The goal of top-down design is developing set of black-boxes and its associated interfaces.
• A top-down design seeks for the function whereas the Object Oriented Design seeks for an Object.

Encapsulation:

• The process of separating the implementation details as the usage of the object is called as encapsulation and it is similar to data abstraction but will work in a different manner.
• Instantiation refers to calling a class whose return value will be objects which are newly created.

Polymorphism:

• In Python, one of the features of object-oriented concept is “polymorphism” and it refers an object’s capability to take different forms.
• It allows the subclass that may contain methods having the same name as the method in its superclass and it is referred as “method overridden”...