The renal threshold of a substance refers to a.) the plasma concentration of the substance below which it does not appear in the urine. b.) the concentration of the substance in the urine that results in an overall increase in urine volume. c.) the number of protein transporters for the substance per tubule. d.) the concentration of the substance found in the kidney before the substance becomes toxic.

Fred was diagnosed 6 months ago with liver cancer.  His liver is no longer able to make the necessary amount of proteins needed by the body.  What effect, if any, would this have on the net glomerular filtration rate? (Hint, decide which of the 3 forces contributing to the net filtration rate is affected.  Then adjust numbers in the equation to determine if there is an increase, decrease, or no change to the net filtration rate).   Group of answer choices A) Blood colloid osmotic pressure would be decreased, increasing the net glomerular filtration rate. B) Blood colloid osmotic pressure would be decreased, decreasing the net glomerular filtration rate. C) Capsular hydrostatic pressure would be decreased, increasing the net glomerular filtration rate. D) Capsular hydrostatic pressure would be decreased, decreasing the net glomerular filtration rate. E) There would be no effect on the net glomerular filtration rate.

The nurse is reviewing the use of bethanechol (Urecholine) in a patient who is experiencing postoperative urinary retention. Which statement best describes the mechanism of action of bethanechol?a) It causes decreased bladder tone and motility.b) It causes increased bladder tone and motility.c) It increases the sensation of a full bladder.d) It causes the sphincters in the bladder to become tighter.

1.Functions of the urinary system include A) regulation of plasma concentration of certain ions. B) regulation of blood volume and blood pressure. C) helping to stabilize blood pH. D) conservation of valuable nutrients. E) All of the answers are correct.