Concepts of Biology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168116
Author: Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 11RQ
Which assumption of cladistics is stated incorrectly?
a. Living things are related by descent from a common ancestor.
b.
c. Traits change from one state to another.
d. The polarity of a character state change can be determined.
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Some species undergo polyploidy, which is a multiplication of their chromosomes. That is, they contain full chromosomes from each parent. How could speciation affect a polyploid organism?
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The polyploid organisms may experience gametic isolation.
B.
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C.
The polyploid organisms may experience geographic isolation.
D.
The polyploid organisms would not be affected by speciation.
Both octopuses and cuttlefish have a single-lens eye. Their common ancestor also had a single-lens eye. What word describes the relationship between the octopus eye and the cuttlefish eye? a. homologous c. analogous b. vestigial d. convergent
Which characters are most informative in phylogenetic reconstruction because they indicate monophyletic groups?
A. Homoplasies
B. Symplesiomorphies
C. Recently evolved traits that are found in just one species
D. Ancestral traits
E. Synapomorphies
Chapter 12 Solutions
Concepts of Biology
Ch. 12 - Figure 12.3 In what levels are cats and dogs...Ch. 12 - Figure 12.8 Which animals in this figure belong to...Ch. 12 - What is a phylogeny a description of? a. mutations...Ch. 12 - What do scientists in the field of systematics...Ch. 12 - Which statement about the taxonomic classification...Ch. 12 - Which best describes the relationship between...Ch. 12 - Which best describes a branch point in a...Ch. 12 - Which statement about analogies is correct? a....Ch. 12 - What kind of trait is important to cladistics? a....Ch. 12 - What is true about organisms that are a part of...
Ch. 12 - Which assumption of cladistics is stated...Ch. 12 - A monophyletic group is a ______. a. phylogenetic...Ch. 12 - How does a phylogenetic tree indicate major...Ch. 12 - List the different levels of the taxonomic...Ch. 12 - Dolphins and fish have similar body shapes. Is...Ch. 12 - Describe maximum parsimony.Ch. 12 - How does a biologist determine the polarity of a...
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- The three beetle species live in the same ecosystem, and they likely evolved from the ancestral species that colonized the region. Which statement best explains how descent with modification influenced speciation in these beetles? A. The ancestral species carried neutral gene mutations that spontaneously caused speciation when they colonized the region. B. The ancestral species randomly diverged into three species before colonization and then colonized the regions that best suited their new adaptations. C. After colonization, small groups separated from the rest of the ancestral species and developed different adaptations that helped them survive and reproduce. D. After colonization, the large group interbred until they developed enough neutral genetic mutations for speciation to occur.arrow_forwardWhich method of building phylogenetic trees relies on both the number of evolutionary transitions on the phylogenetic tree and the likelihood of the evolutionary transitions? a. Maximum Credibility b. Maximum Likelihood c. Parsimony d. Bootstrappingarrow_forwardWhat is not always true of a valid binomial species name like Homo sapiens? A. It includes the genus name B. It is the first published name applied to the biological species C. It is defined by autapomorphic character states D. Technically, it consists of a noun and an adjective asaparrow_forward
- Based on the results, what is the most probable phylogenetic tree(s) for these three beetles? A. the left phylogenetic tree because it has the fewest evolutionary events B. the middle and the right phylogenetic trees because they have the most evolutionary events C. the middle phylogenetic tree because the mutations caused Species I and III to develop similar coloring D. the right phylogenetic tree because the mutations caused Species II and III to develop a ridged body texturarrow_forwardWhat does “descent with modification” mean?a. Populations that change quickly are likely to become extinct.b. Inherited traits change from generation to generation.c. Tracing an evolutionary tree from top to bottom reveals changes inspecies diversity.d. Parents change their own features before passing them on to offspring.arrow_forwardWhat does the trunk of the classic phylogenetic tree represent? a. single common ancestor b. pool of ancestral organisms c. new species d. old speciesarrow_forward
- Which best describes traditional classification? * a. It is based on shared characteristics. b. It is based on evolutionary relationships. c. It is called phylogenetic classification. d. It is called cladistics 2. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about evolutionary relationship of organisms? * a. DNA evidence shows that the giant pandas are more closely related to raccoons than bears. b. Scientist infer that the species with similar body structure and development patterns inherited many of the same genes from acommon ancestor.a c. Scientist never have to change their hypotheses about species relationships. d. Scientist can compare protein structure to determine how closely two species are related .arrow_forwardA small number of birds arrive on an island from a neighboring larger island. This small population begins to adapt to the new food plants available on the island, and their beaks begin to change. About twice a year, one or two more birds from the neighboring island arrive. What effect do these new arrivals have? A. Their arrival tends to retard adaptation to the new food plants. B. Their arrival speeds the process of speciation. C. Their arrival tends to promote adaptation to the new food plants. D. Their arrival will likely prompt genetic drift. E. Their arrival represents a colonizing event.arrow_forwardWhere in a phylogenetic tree would you expect to find the organism that had evolved most recently? a. at the base b. within the branches c. at the nodes d. at the branch tipsarrow_forward
- What do scientists use to apply cladistics? a. homologous traits b. homoplasies c. analogous traits d. monophyletic groupsarrow_forwardWhich method of building phylogenetic trees relies only on minimizing the number of evolutionary transitions on the phylogenetic tree? a. Parsimony b. Maximum Likelihood c. Boostrapping d. Maximum Credibilityarrow_forwardWhich type of characteristic would be MOST helpful in constructing a phylogenetic tree? a. A characteristic found in none of the selected organisms b. A characteristic found in one of the selected organisms c. A characteristic found in 2-5 of the selected organisms d. A chracteristic found in all of the selected organismsarrow_forward
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