Applied Physics (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134159386
Author: Dale Ewen, Neill Schurter, Erik Gundersen
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11.3, Problem 3P
Find the orbital velocity for Mercury as it orbits the sun.
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The semimajor axis of Mars orbit is about 1.52 astronomical units (au), where an au is the Earth's average distance from the Sun, meaning the semimajor axis of Earth's orbit is 1 au. To go from Earth to Mars and use the least energy from rocket fuel, the orbit has a semimajor axis of 1.26 au and an eccentricity of about 0.21. Starting at Earth's orbit, to follow this path we give the spacecraft an orbital velocity of 40 km/s. Which of the following describes this best?
a. It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must speed up to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit.
b. It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must slow down to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit.
c. It flys past Mars on its trajectory unless it is braked by accelerating toward the Sun. It which leaves Earth when Mars is nearly…
Chapter 11 Solutions
Applied Physics (11th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - Compare the gravitational force that (a) the earth...Ch. 11.1 - Find the gravitational force between the sun and...Ch. 11.1 - Find the gravitational force between the sun and...Ch. 11.1 - Find the gravitational force between the sun and...Ch. 11.1 - Find the gravitational force between the sun and...Ch. 11.1 - Explain why the gravitational force between the...Ch. 11.1 - A satellite is orbiting 3.22 105 m above the...Ch. 11.1 - If the satellite in Problem 7 is orbiting at twice...Ch. 11.1 - What is the gravitational force exerted between an...Ch. 11.1 - The Apollo 16 lunar module had a mass of 4240 kg....
Ch. 11.3 - The moon orbits 3.84 108 m from the earth. How...Ch. 11.3 - The moon orbits 3.84 108 m from the earth. How...Ch. 11.3 - Find the orbital velocity for Mercury as it orbits...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 4PCh. 11.3 - Find the orbital velocity for Saturn as it orbits...Ch. 11.3 - Find the orbital velocity for Uranus as it orbits...Ch. 11.3 - Find the time Mercury takes to orbit the sun.Ch. 11.3 - Find the time the earth takes to orbit the sun.Ch. 11.3 - Find the time Saturn takes to orbit the sun.Ch. 11.3 - Find the time Uranus takes to orbit the sun.Ch. 11 - What type of force is related to the mass of...Ch. 11 - As the distance increases between two objects, the...Ch. 11 - As the mass of two objects increases, the...Ch. 11 - The mass of a satellite is increased. In order to...Ch. 11 - As the distance increases between a satellite and...Ch. 11 - Explain why the gravitational force that exists...Ch. 11 - What would happen to your weight on earth if the...Ch. 11 - What would happen to your weight on earth if the...Ch. 11 - Explain how a satellite in orbit is in a constant...Ch. 11 - According to Isaac Newton, how is the motion of a...Ch. 11 - Most planets actually have slightly elliptical...Ch. 11 - Does the mass of a satellite influence the time it...Ch. 11 - Two 0.300-kg apples are 25.0 cm apart from one...Ch. 11 - Two 65.0-kg people are standing 1.00 m apart. What...Ch. 11 - Find the weight of a 65.0-kg person on the earth...Ch. 11 - Find the weight of a 65.0-kg person on Jupiter (in...Ch. 11 - Find the weight of a 65.0-kg person on Pluto (in...Ch. 11 - If the moon orbited at one half the present...Ch. 11 - If the moon orbited at twice the present distance...Ch. 11 - If the moon orbited at four times the present...Ch. 11 - Using Newtons law of universal gravitation, find...Ch. 11 - If an 85.0-kg astronaut in a space shuttle orbits...Ch. 11 - The gravitational differences between the earth...Ch. 11 - (a) How far from the center of the earth must a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3ACCh. 11 - Flight engineers for the Apollo Lunar Orbiter...Ch. 11 - (a) What is the gravitational force on a 65.7-kg...
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- Phobos, one of the moons of Mars, orbits at a distance of 9378 km from the center of the red planet. What is the orbital period of Phobos?arrow_forwardThe semimajor axis of Mars orbit is about 1.52 astronomical units (au), where an au is the Earth's average distance from the Sun, meaning the semimajor axis of Earth's orbit is 1 au. To go from Earth to Mars and use the least energy from rocket fuel, the orbit has a semimajor axis of 1.26 au and an eccentricity of about 0.21. Starting at Earth's orbit, to follow this path we give the spacecraft an orbital velocity of 40 km/s. Which of the following describes this best? It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must speed up to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must slow down to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. It flys past Mars on its trajectory unless it is braked by accelerating toward the Sun. It which leaves Earth when…arrow_forwardThe table below illustrates data on Kepler's 3rd Law for the first six planets. Use it to estimate the semi-major axis of the object Hathor 2340 which has an orbital period of 0.77 years p (years) p2 a3 a (AU) Mercury 0.24 0.058 0.058 0.39 Venus 0.62 0.38 0.38 0.72 Earth 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Mars 1.88 3.54 3.54 1.52 Jupiter 11.9 141 141 5.20 Saturn 29.5 868 868 9.54 А. 13.7 AU O B. 0.84 AU ОС. 1.41 AU D. 2.55 AU O E. 1.05 AUarrow_forward
- What is the radial acceleration (m/s) of mercury if orbital period is 88 days and orbit radius is 5.79x10^7arrow_forwardAccording to Lunar Laser Ranging experiment the average distance LM from the Earth to the Moon is approximately 3.82 x 105 km. The Moon orbits the Earth and completes one revolution relative to the stars in approximately 27.5 days (a sidereal month). Calculate the orbital velocity of the Moon in m/s.arrow_forwardIf the satellite was placed in an orbit three times farther away, about how long would it take to orbit the Earth once? Answer in days, rounding to one significant figure.days Mars rotates on its axis once every 1.02 days (almost the same as Earth does). (a) Find the distance from Mars at which a satellite would remain in one spot over the Martian surface. (Use 6.42 1023 kg for the mass of Mars.)m(b) Find the speed of the satellite.m/sarrow_forward
- Imagine that a new asteroid is discovered in the solar system with a circular orbit and an orbital period of 5 years. What is the average distance of this object from the Sun in Earth units?arrow_forwardPlanet X orbits the star Omega with a "year" that is 492 days long. Planet Y circles Omega at four times the orbital distance of planet X. How many earth days is a year on planet Y? Enter units as d.arrow_forwardIo orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 4.22 105 km with an orbital period of 0.00485 yr. The Moon, which is one of the satellites of the Earth, orbits its parent at an average distance of 3.84 105 km with an orbital period of 0.07481 yr. (a) Use the above information to find the orbital speeds of Io around Jupiter and of the Moon around the Earth. vMoon = m/s vIo = m/s (b) What is the expression for the mass M of the parent in terms of the orbital speed v of the satellite, the orbital radius R of the satellite and the gravitational constant G? (Do not substitute numerical values; use variables only.)M = (c) Now use your answers from parts (a) and (b) to find the ratio of the mass of the Earth to that of Jupiter. ME MJarrow_forward
- On the evening of an autumnal equinox day Siddhant noticed that Mars was exactly along the north-south meridian in his sky at the exact moment when the sun was setting. In other words, the Sun and Mars subtended an angle of exactly 90° as measured from the Earth. If the orbital radius of Mars is 1.52 au, What will be the approximate rise time of the mars on the next autumnal equinox day?arrow_forwardAccording to Lunar Laser Ranging experiment the average distance LM from the Earth to the Moon is approximately 3.92 x 105 km. The Moon orbits the Earth and completes one revolution relative to the stars in approximately 27.5 days (a sidereal month). Calculate the orbital velocity of the Moon in m/s. Answer: Choose...arrow_forwardThe moon Phobos orbits around Mars with a semi-major axis of 9376 km, and an orbital period of 7.65 hours. If NASA wanted to put a satellite in a circular orbit around Mars with an orbital period of 50.0 hours, what should the radius of the orbit be, in km?arrow_forward
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