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(a)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Chromic acid is an oxidizing agent in which chromium acts as a multivalent atom. The formation of active species of chromic acid occurs by going through higher oxidation state before the oxidation to a lower oxidation state after the oxidation of alcohol.
(b)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation.
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone and the number of bonds to oxygen does each atom before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Sodium hypochlorite is an oxidizing agent in which chlorine acts as a multivalent atom. The formation of active species of sodium hypochlorite occurs by going through higher oxidation state before the oxidation to a lower oxidation state after the oxidation of alcohol.
(c)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation.
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone and the number of bonds to oxygen does each atom before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Sulphur in the Swern oxidation acts as a multivalent atom. The Swern oxidation comprises use of
(d)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each has atom before and after the oxidation.
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Iodine in the DMP reagent acts as a multivalent atom. The formation of active species in the DMP reagent occurs by going through higher oxidation state before the oxidation to a lower oxidation state after the oxidation of alcohol.
(e)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone, and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation.
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has, before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The carbinol
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
- Use the literature Ka value of the acetic acid, and the data below to answer these questions. Note: You will not use the experimental titration graphs to answer the questions that follow. Group #1: Buffer pH = 4.35 Group #2: Buffer pH = 4.70 Group #3: Buffer pH = 5.00 Group #4: Buffer pH = 5.30 Use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the buffer pH provided and the literature pKa value of acetic acid to perform the following: a) calculate the ratios of [acetate]/[acetic acid] for each of the 4 groups buffer solutions above. b) using the calculated ratios, which group solution will provide the best optimal buffer (Hint: what [acetate]/[acetic acid] ratio value is expected for an optimal buffer?) c) explain your choicearrow_forwardHow would you prepare 1 liter of a 50 mM Phosphate buffer at pH 7.5 beginning with K3PO4 and 1 M HCl or 1 M NaOH? Please help and show calculations. Thank youarrow_forwardDraw the four most importantcontributing structures of the cation intermediate thatforms in the electrophilic chlorination of phenol,(C6H5OH) to form p-chlorophenol. Put a circle aroundthe best one. Can you please each step and also how you would approach a similar problem. Thank you!arrow_forward
- A 100mM lactic acid/lactate buffer was found to have a lactate to lactic acid ratio of 2 and a pH of 4.2. What is the pKa of lactic acid? Can you please help show the calculations?arrow_forwardUsing line angle formulas, draw thestructures of and name four alkanes that have total of 7carbons, one of which is tertiary.Please explain this in detail and can you also explain how to approach a similar problem like this as well?arrow_forwardUsing dashed line wedge projections drawthe indicated compounds and indicate whether thecompound you have drawn is R or S.(a) The two enantiomers of 2-chlorobutane. Can you please explain your steps and how you would approach a similar problem. Thank you!arrow_forward
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