(a)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Chromic acid is an oxidizing agent in which chromium acts as a multivalent atom. The formation of active species of chromic acid occurs by going through higher oxidation state before the oxidation to a lower oxidation state after the oxidation of alcohol.
(b)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation.
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone and the number of bonds to oxygen does each atom before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Sodium hypochlorite is an oxidizing agent in which chlorine acts as a multivalent atom. The formation of active species of sodium hypochlorite occurs by going through higher oxidation state before the oxidation to a lower oxidation state after the oxidation of alcohol.
(c)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation.
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone and the number of bonds to oxygen does each atom before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Sulphur in the Swern oxidation acts as a multivalent atom. The Swern oxidation comprises use of
(d)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each has atom before and after the oxidation.
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone; and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Iodine in the DMP reagent acts as a multivalent atom. The formation of active species in the DMP reagent occurs by going through higher oxidation state before the oxidation to a lower oxidation state after the oxidation of alcohol.
(e)
To determine: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone, and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has before and after the oxidation.
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given atom, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone and the number of bonds to oxygen that each atom has, before and after the oxidation is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The carbinol
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
- What functional group distinguishes each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives? a. halohydrocarbons b. alcohols c. ethers d. aldehydes e. ketones f. carboxylic acids g. esters h. amines Give examples of each functional group. What prefix or suffix is used to name each functional group? What are the bond angles in each? Describe the bonding in each functional group. What is the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol? For the functional groups in ah, when is a number required to indicate the position of the functional group? Carboxylic acids are often written as RCOOH. What does COOH indicate and what does R indicate? Aldehydes are sometimes written as RCHO. What does CHO indicate?arrow_forward1. What functional group is produced when an aldehyde reacts with H2/Pt? A.secondary alcohol B. carboxylic acid C.hemiacetal D. primary alcohol E.alkane F.tertiary alcohol G. alkene 2. What reaction occurs when an aldehyde reacts with H2/Pt to form a primary alcohol? A. Hydration B. Hydration C. Dehydration D. Oxidation E. Reduction( hydrogentation) 3. What reaction occurs when an Ester react with H+/H2O to from a carboxylic acid and alcohol? A. Dehydration B. Reduction ( Hydrogenation) C.Hydrolysis D. Hydration E.oxidationarrow_forwardThe compound para-dichlorobenzene is the active ingredient of the bathroom deodorizer "Albatross". How many distinct products are possible for the reaction of para-dichlorobenzene with 1 equivalent of HNO3 in H2SO4? a. 3 b. 2 c. 1 d. 4 e. 5arrow_forward
- What are the structures of Q and R in the following reaction scheme? A. What is the structure of Q? B. Br PPh3 PPh3 C. 1. PPh3 2. strong base D. PPh3 PPh3 Q → R What is the structure of R B. O E. OH D. For F.arrow_forward6. What is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 OH PBrs 'Br PBI2arrow_forwardFormation of NO from nitrogen and oxygen is an endothermic process. Which statements are true about the bonds of this reaction? a.) Products have lower PE because product bonds are stronger than reactants b.) Products have higher PE because product bonds are weaker than reactants c.) Products have lower PE because product bonds are weaker than reactants d.) Products have higher PE because product bonds are stronger than reactantsarrow_forward
- 5. Draw a structural example of a primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol. 6. Classify the following reaction as oxidation, dehydration or hydration. a. CH.CH(OH)CH, CH,COCH, 7. Identify each compound as an alcohol or an ether. Classify any alcohols as primary, secondary or tertiary. он b. он HO d. 8. Write the product(s) for the following reactions. a. H,O b. H,Oarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about oxidation and reduction is correct? A. Nucleophiles are compounds with high electron donation tendency, they can oxidize easily.B. As a result of the introduction of hydrogen atom into a molecule, an oxidation reaction takes place.A. Oxidizers are compounds with high electron affinity.D. Separation of a hydride ion by catalytic dehydrogenation from a molecule is a reduction reactionE. Removing the oxygen ion from a molecule transforms that molecule into another reduced molecule.arrow_forwardObservations of demonstrations, help answer the combustion’s of alcohols, and answer the following two questions relating to observations of demonstrations.arrow_forward
- 18. In the IUPAC name for the following compound, the -Br group is located on carbon number CH;CHCH=CH, Br a. 1 b. 2 С. 3 d. 4arrow_forward10. Classify the following alcohols as primary, secondary, or tertiary a. b. LOH d. OH OH OHarrow_forward1. What is the bond angle in carbon tetrachloride? 2. What is the product of the reaction of pent-2-ene with Cl2? 3.Which statement is correct? * A. The bond length increases when the difference between the electronegativity of the atoms is higher B. The bond length increases when the number when there is an increase in pi bonds. C. Increasing the bond polarity increases the bond length. D. Sp2 has shorter bond length that sp. 4. How many moles of O2 gas is theoretically needed for 1 mole of hexane? 5. What is the MOST LIKELY product of the reaction of pent-1-ene with HCL? 6. Which one creates a sigma bond? * A. 2 pz atomic orbitals B. 2 py atomic orbitals C. 2 px atomic orbitals D. none of these 7.How many hydrogen atoms are there in trans-1-bromo-2-methylcyclohexane? 8.arrow_forward
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