Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021527
Author: Julia Burdge
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 11, Problem 8QP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason for the difference in the melting points of
Concept Introduction:
The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which the substance starts melting.
Various kinds of interactions that bind a molecule are known as intermolecular forces. These can be dispersion, dipole-dipole, ion-dipole, and hydrogen bonding.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The atomic radius of an oxygen atom is 73 pm, and the ionic radius of the ion O2 is 140 pm. Explain the relative radii by estimating Zeff for each of these species.
Using the following data, estimate the overall enthalpy of formation (in
kJ/mol) for potassium chloride: K(s) + ½ Cl₂(g) → KCI(s).
Process
Lattice energy of KCI
lonization energy of K
Electron affinity of Cl
Bond dissociation energy of Cl,
Enthalpy of sublimation for K
Question 21 of 28
Change in Energy (AHO)
-690 kJ/mol
419 kJ/mol
-349 kJ/mol
239 kJ/mol
90 kJ/mol
Mixing SbCl 3 and GaCl 3 in a one-to-one ratio gives a solid ionic compound of empirical formula GaSbCl 6 . A controversyerupts over whether this compound is [SbCl 2 ] + [GaCl 4 ] ─ or [GaCl 2 ] + [SbCl 4 ] ─ . It is learned that the cation in the compound has abent structure. Based on this fact, which combination is more likely to be correct? Explain.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 1PPACh. 11.1 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 11.1 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 11.1 - Prob. 1CPCh. 11.1 - Prob. 2CPCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1PPACh. 11.2 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1CPCh. 11.2 - 11.2.2 Given the following information for ...
Ch. 11.2 - 11.2.3 Using the graph, estimate the vapor...Ch. 11.2 - Using the result from question 11.2.3 and another...Ch. 11.3 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT When silver crystallizes,...Ch. 11.3 - Practice Problem BUILD
The density of sodium metal...Ch. 11.3 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE The diagram shows...Ch. 11.3 - 11.3.1 Nickel has a face-centered cubic unit cell...Ch. 11.3 - A metal crystalizes in a body-centered cubic unit...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 1PPACh. 11.4 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 11.4 - 11.4.1 The diagram here shows the anions in the...Ch. 11.4 - 11.4.2 At what angle would you expect X rays of...Ch. 11.5 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT LiF has the same unit cell...Ch. 11.5 - Practice ProblemBUILD NiO also adopts the...Ch. 11.5 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE Referring to the...Ch. 11.6 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
Aluminum metal...Ch. 11.6 - Practice Problem BUILD
Copper crystallizes in a...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 11.6 - 11.6.1 How much energy (in kJ) is required to...Ch. 11.6 - 11.6.2 How much energy (in kJ) is given off when...Ch. 11.7 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Calculate the amount of...Ch. 11.7 - Practice ProblemBUILD Determine the final state...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 11.7 - Prob. 1CPCh. 11.7 - Prob. 2CPCh. 11.8 - Prob. 1PPACh. 11.8 - Practice Problem BUILD
Sketch the phase diagram of...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 11 - Which of the following would you expect to be more...Ch. 11 - 11.2
Which of the following would you expect to be...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3KSPCh. 11 - Prob. 4KSPCh. 11 - Give an example for each type of intermolecular...Ch. 11 - 11.2 Explain the term polarizability. What kind of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3QPCh. 11 - Prob. 4QPCh. 11 - 11.5 What physical properties are determined by...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6QPCh. 11 - Describe the types of intermolecular forces that...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8QPCh. 11 - Prob. 9QPCh. 11 - The binary hydrogen compounds of the Group 4A...Ch. 11 - 11.11 List the types of intermolecular forces that...Ch. 11 - Prob. 12QPCh. 11 - Prob. 13QPCh. 11 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 11 - Diethyl ether has a boiling point of 34 .5°C , and...Ch. 11 - 11.16 Which member of each of the following pairs...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17QPCh. 11 - Explain in terms of intermolecular forces why (a)...Ch. 11 - What kind of attractive forces must be overcome to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 20QPCh. 11 - Prob. 21QPCh. 11 - Explain why liquids, unlike gases, are virtually...Ch. 11 - 11.23 What is surface tension? What is the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 24QPCh. 11 - Prob. 25QPCh. 11 - 11.26 A glass can be filled slightly above the rim...Ch. 11 - 11.27 Draw diagrams showing the capillary action...Ch. 11 - Prob. 28QPCh. 11 - Why does the viscosity of a liquid decrease with...Ch. 11 - Why is ice less dense than water?Ch. 11 - 11.31 Outdoor water pipes have to be drained or...Ch. 11 - Prob. 32QPCh. 11 - Prob. 33QPCh. 11 - Prob. 34QPCh. 11 - Predict the viscosity of ethylene glycol relative...Ch. 11 - 11.36 Vapor pressure measurements at several...Ch. 11 - The vapor pressure of liquid X is lower than that...Ch. 11 - 11.38 Define the following terms: crystalline...Ch. 11 - Describe the geometries of the following cubic...Ch. 11 - Classify the solid states in terms of crystal...Ch. 11 - The melting points of the oxides of the...Ch. 11 - Define X-ray diffraction. What are the typical...Ch. 11 - 11.43 Write the Bragg equation. Define every term...Ch. 11 - 11.44 What is the coordination number of each...Ch. 11 - Calculate the number of spheres that would be...Ch. 11 - Metallic iron crystallizes in a cubic lattice. The...Ch. 11 - Barium metal crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 11 - 11.48 Vanadium crystallizes in a body-centered...Ch. 11 - Europium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 11 - 11.50 Crystalline silicon has a cubic structure....Ch. 11 - 11.51 A face-centered cubic cell contains 8 X...Ch. 11 - When X rays of wavelength 0.090 nm are diffracted...Ch. 11 - The distance between layers in an NaCl crystal is...Ch. 11 - Identify the unit cell of molecular iodine ( I 2 )...Ch. 11 - Shown here is a zinc oxide unit cell. What is the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 56QPCh. 11 - Prob. 57QPCh. 11 - A solid is hard, brittle, and electrically...Ch. 11 - A solid is soft and has a low melting point (below...Ch. 11 - Prob. 60QPCh. 11 - 11.61 Which of the following are molecular solids...Ch. 11 - Classify the solid state of the following...Ch. 11 - Prob. 63QPCh. 11 - Prob. 64QPCh. 11 - Define glass. What is the chief component of...Ch. 11 - 11.66 What is a phase change? Name all possible...Ch. 11 - What is the equilibrium vapor pressure of a...Ch. 11 - Use any one of the phase changes to explain what...Ch. 11 - 11.69 Define the following terms: (a) molar heat...Ch. 11 - How is the molar heat of sublimation related to...Ch. 11 - What can we learn about the intermolecular forces...Ch. 11 - The greater the molar heat of vaporization of a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 73QPCh. 11 - As a liquid is heated at constant pressure, its...Ch. 11 - What is critical temperature? What is the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 76QPCh. 11 - 11.77 How do the boiling points and melting points...Ch. 11 - Prob. 78QPCh. 11 - The vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed...Ch. 11 - Wet clothes dry more quickly on a hot, dry day...Ch. 11 - Which of the following phase transitions gives off...Ch. 11 - 11.82 A beaker of water is heated to boiling by a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 83QPCh. 11 - Calculate the amount of heat (in kJ) required to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 85QPCh. 11 - The molar heats of fusion and sublimation of...Ch. 11 - How is the rate of evaporation of a liquid...Ch. 11 - 11.88 The following compounds, listed with their...Ch. 11 - Prob. 89QPCh. 11 - A student hangs wet clothes outdoors on a winter...Ch. 11 - Explain why steam at 100°C causes more serious...Ch. 11 - What is a phase diagram? What useful information...Ch. 11 - 11.93 Explain how water’s phase diagram differs...Ch. 11 - The blades of ice skates are quite thin, so the...Ch. 11 - 11.95 A length of wire is placed on top of a block...Ch. 11 - Prob. 96QPCh. 11 - Prob. 97QPCh. 11 - 11.98 Name the kinds of attractive forces that...Ch. 11 - Prob. 99APCh. 11 - At –35°C , liquid HI has a higher vapor pressure...Ch. 11 - Prob. 101APCh. 11 - Prob. 102APCh. 11 - Prob. 103APCh. 11 - Prob. 104APCh. 11 - Prob. 105APCh. 11 - A CO 2 fire extinguisher is located on the outside...Ch. 11 - Prob. 107APCh. 11 - A flask of water is connected to a powerful vacuum...Ch. 11 - Prob. 109APCh. 11 - The interionic distances of several alkali halide...Ch. 11 - Which has a greater density, crystalline Si O 2 or...Ch. 11 - A student is given four solid samples labeled W,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 113APCh. 11 - Prob. 114APCh. 11 - X rays of wavelength 0.154 nm strike an aluminum...Ch. 11 - 11.116 The properties of gases, liquids, and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 117APCh. 11 - Prob. 118APCh. 11 - Prob. 119APCh. 11 - Prob. 120APCh. 11 - Prob. 121APCh. 11 - 11.122 The distance between and is 257 pm in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 123APCh. 11 - Prob. 124APCh. 11 - 11.125 Calculate the for the following processes...Ch. 11 - 11.126 Which liquid would you expect to have a...Ch. 11 - 11.127 A beaker of water is placed in a closed...Ch. 11 - Prob. 128APCh. 11 - Prob. 129APCh. 11 - Carbon and silicon belong to Group 4A of the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 131APCh. 11 - Prob. 132APCh. 11 - Prob. 133APCh. 11 - Prob. 134APCh. 11 - Prob. 135APCh. 11 - Prob. 136APCh. 11 - Prob. 137APCh. 11 - Prob. 138APCh. 11 - Prob. 139APCh. 11 - 11.140 Sketch the cooling curves of water from...Ch. 11 - Prob. 141APCh. 11 - Prob. 142APCh. 11 - A closed vessel of volume 9.6 L contains 2.0 g of...Ch. 11 - 11.144 The electrical conductance of copper metal...Ch. 11 - 11.145 Assuming ideal behavior, calculate the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 146APCh. 11 - Which of the following compounds is most likely to...Ch. 11 - 11.148 A chemistry instructor performed the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 149APCh. 11 - Prob. 150APCh. 11 - The phase diagram of helium is shown. Helium is...Ch. 11 - 11.152 The phase diagram of sulfur is shown. (a)...Ch. 11 - Prob. 153APCh. 11 - Prob. 154APCh. 11 - Prob. 155APCh. 11 - Prob. 156APCh. 11 - Prob. 157APCh. 11 - Prob. 158APCh. 11 - 11.159 Why do citrus growers spray their trees...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2SEPPCh. 11 - 3. Each cubic unit cell (edge length a = 543 pm)...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following represent configurations of indium ions in compounds? Explain your decision in each ease. a In4+ [Kr]4d9 b In+ [Kr]4d10 5s2 c In3+ [Kr]4d10 d In [Kr]4d10 5s1arrow_forwardCompare the properties of an ionic material such as sodium chloride with a room-temperature ionic liquid. Explain this difference.arrow_forwardLight of appropriate wavelength can break chemical bonds. Light having λ < 240 nm can dissociate gaseous O2. It requires light with λ < 819 nm to dissociate gaseous H2O2 to 2 OH. Assume that all of the photon energy is used solely for these dissociations. (a) Calculate the energy required to dissociate (i) O2 and (ii) H2O2. (b) Consider the results of part (a). How well do they correlate with the Lewis structures of O2 and H2O2? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Calculate the lattice energy of magnesium sulfide from the data given below. Mg(s) → Mg(g) ΔH° = 148 kJ/mol Mg(g) → Mg2+(g) + 2e– ΔH° = 2186 kJ/mol S8(s) → 8S(g) ΔH° = 2232 kJ/mol S(g) + 2e- → S2-(g) ΔH° = 450 kJ/mol 8Mg(s) + S8(s) → 8MgS(s) ΔH° = –2744 kJ/mol MgS(s) → Mg2+(g) + S2-(g) ΔH°lattice = ?arrow_forwardCalculate the lattice energy of magnesium sulfide from the data given below. Mg(s) Mg(g) AE 148 kJ/mol Mg2g) 8S(g) AE 2232 kJ/mol 2e AE 2186 kJ/mol Mg(g) S8(s) Sig) 2eSg) AE= 450 kJ/mol 8Mg(s)S8(s) -» 8M9S(s) AE = -2744 kJ/mol Mg2+(g) S2g) MgS(s) AElattice = ?arrow_forwardThe energy for the following reaction was measured to be -653.0 kJ/mol. K(g) + Cl(g) → KCl(s). Using this fact and data in the table below, calculate the enthalpy (in kJ/mol) required to separate the ions from the lattice for this reaction: KCl(s) → K⁺(g) + Cl⁻(g).arrow_forward
- The energy for the following reaction was measured to be -653.0 kJ/mol. K(g) + Cl(g) →→KCI(s). Using this fact and the data in the table below, calculate the enthalpy (in kJ/mol) required to separate the ions from the lattice for this reaction: KCI(s) → K+(g) + Cl-(g). Substance K (g) CI (g) Ionization Energies (kJ/mol) 418.8 1251.1 Electron Affinities (kJ/mol) -48.384 -349arrow_forwardUse the Born-Haber cycle to calculate the lattice energy of KF. [The heat of sublimation of K is 91.6 kJ·mol−1 and ΔfH(KF) = −567.3 kJ·mol−1. Bond enthalpy for F2 is 158.8 kJ·mol−1. Other data may be found in the Ionization Energies Table and the Electron Affinities Table.]arrow_forwardSelenium tetrafluoride, SeF₄, is a colorless liquid that is used as a fluorinating reagent in organic synthesis. Based on your Lewis structure for SeF₄, how many electron domains are on the central atom?arrow_forward
- Suppose there is an element X which occurs naturally as X2(g).X2(g) + 2O2(g) → X2O4(g)ΔHof of O(g) is 249 kJ/molΔHof of X(g) is 458.5 kJ/molΔHof of X2O4(g) is 31 kJ/molThe X-X single bond energy is 116 kJ/molUse the above data to estimate the average bond energy in X2O4. Give your answer to the nearest 1 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardIron(III) sulfate [Fe2(SO4)3] is composed of Fe3+ and SO4 2− ions. Explain why a sample of iron(III) sulfate is uncharged.arrow_forwardThe ionic substances KF, CaO, and ScN are isoelectronic (they have the same number of electrons). Examine the lattice energies for these substances in Table 8.2, and account for the trends you observe. Table 8.2arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285853918
Author:H. Stephen Stoker
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning