Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321989178
Author: Neil A. Weiss
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 10.3, Problem 91E
a.
To determine
To decide: Whether the pooled t-test or nonpooled t-test has been used.
b.
To determine
To explain: Whether the procedure used in part (a) is reasonable.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
The Lion’sMane. In a study by P. M.West titled “The Lion’s Mane” (American Scientist, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 226–236), the effects of the mane of a male lion as a signal of quality to mates and rivals was explored. Four life-sized dummies of male lions provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar lions whose manes varied by length (long or short) and color (blonde or dark). The female lions were observed to see whether they approached each of the four life-sized dummies.
a. experimental units.
b. response variable.
c. factor(s).
d. levels of each factor.
e. treatments.
The article "Analysis of Unwanted Fire Alarm: Case Study" (W. Chow, N. Fong, and C.
Ho, Journal of Architectural Engineering, 1999:62–65) presents a count of the number of
false alarms at several sites. The numbers of false alarms each month, divided into those
with known causes and those with unknown causes, are given in the following table. Can
you conclude that the proportion of false alarms whose cause is known differs from month
to month?
Month
1 2 3
7 8 9 10 11 12
4 5
6
20 13 21 26 23 18 14 10 20 20 18 14
Unknown 12 2 16 12 22 30 32 32 14 16 10 12
Known
Body Temperature. A study by researchers at the University of Maryland addressed the question of whether the mean body temperature of humans is 98.6 °F. The results of the study by P. Mackowiak et al. appeared in the article “A Critical Appraisal of 98.6 °F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body Temperature, and Other Legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich” (Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 268, pp. 1578–1580). Among other data, the researchers obtained the body temperatures of 93 healthy humans, as provided on the WeissStats site.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
Ch. 10.1 - Understanding the Concepts and Skills 10.1 Give an...Ch. 10.1 - Define the phrase independent samples.Ch. 10.1 - consider the quantities 1, 1, x1, s1 2, 2, x2and,...Ch. 10.1 - Discuss the basic strategy for performing a...Ch. 10.1 - In each of Exercises 10.510.10, we have stated the...Ch. 10.1 - In each of Exercises 10.510.10, we have stated the...Ch. 10.1 - In each of Exercises 10.510.10, we have stated the...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 10.1 - In each of Exercises 10.5-10.10, we have stated...Ch. 10.1 - In each of Exercises 10.510.10, we have stated the...
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 11ECh. 10.1 - Identify the assumption for using the two-means...Ch. 10.1 - In each of Exercises 10.1310.18, we have presented...Ch. 10.1 - In each of Exercises 10.1310.18, we have presented...Ch. 10.1 - In each of Exercises 10.1310.18, we have presented...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 16ECh. 10.1 - In each of Exercises 10.1310.18, we have presented...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 18ECh. 10.1 - A variable of two populations has a mean of 40 and...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 20ECh. 10.1 - Prob. 21ECh. 10.1 - Prob. 22ECh. 10.1 - Prob. 23ECh. 10.1 - Prob. 24ECh. 10.1 - In Exercises 10.2510.30, hypothesis tests are...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 26ECh. 10.1 - Prob. 27ECh. 10.1 - In Exercises 10.2510.30, hypothesis tests are...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 29ECh. 10.1 - In Exercises 10.2510.30, hypothesis tests are...Ch. 10.2 - Regarding the four conditions required for using...Ch. 10.2 - Explain why sp is called the pooled sample...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 10.2 - Prob. 36ECh. 10.2 - Prob. 37ECh. 10.2 - In each of Exercises 10.3510.38, we have provided...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 39ECh. 10.2 - In each of Exercises 10.3910.44, we have provided...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 10.2 - Prob. 42ECh. 10.2 - Prob. 43ECh. 10.2 - Prob. 44ECh. 10.2 - Applying the Concepts and Skills Preliminary data...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 46ECh. 10.2 - Fortified Juice and PTH. V. Tangpricha et al. did...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 48ECh. 10.2 - Nigerian Spleen Length. O. Ehimwenma and M. Tagbo,...Ch. 10.2 - Recess and Wasted Food. E. Bergman et al....Ch. 10.2 - In Exercises 10.5110.56, apply Procedure 10.2 on...Ch. 10.2 - In Exercises 10.5110.56, apply Procedure 10.2 on...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 53ECh. 10.2 - Prob. 54ECh. 10.2 - In Exercises 10.5110.56, apply Procedure 10.2 on...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 56ECh. 10.2 - Prob. 57ECh. 10.2 - Children of Diabetic Mothers. The paper...Ch. 10.2 - A Better Golf Tee? An independent golf equipment...Ch. 10.2 - Extending the Concepts and Skills 10.60 In this...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 61ECh. 10.2 - Prob. 63ECh. 10.2 - Prob. 64ECh. 10.2 - Prob. 65ECh. 10.3 - In each of Exercises 10.6710.70, suppose that you...Ch. 10.3 - In each of Exercises 10.6710.70, suppose that you...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 69ECh. 10.3 - In each of Exercises 10.6710.70, suppose that you...Ch. 10.3 - Each pair of graphs in Fig. 10.8 shows the...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 72ECh. 10.3 - In each of Exercises 10.7310.78, we have provided...Ch. 10.3 - In each of Exercises 10.7310.78, we have provided...Ch. 10.3 - In each of Exercises 10.7310.78, we have provided...Ch. 10.3 - In each of Exercises 10.7310.78, we have provided...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 77ECh. 10.3 - In each of Exercises 10.7310.78, we have provided...Ch. 10.3 - Political Prisoners. According to the American...Ch. 10.3 - Phyllodes Tumors. Phyllodes tumors of the breast...Ch. 10.3 - Acute Postoperative Days. Refer to Example 10.6...Ch. 10.3 - Stressed-Out Bus Drivers. An intervention program...Ch. 10.3 - Schizophrenia and Dopamine. Previous research has...Ch. 10.3 - Wing Length. D. Cristol et al. published results...Ch. 10.3 - In Exercises 10.8510.90, apply Procedure 10.4 on...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 86ECh. 10.3 - Prob. 87ECh. 10.3 - Prob. 88ECh. 10.3 - Prob. 89ECh. 10.3 - In Exercise 10.8510.90, apply Procedure 10.4 on...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 91ECh. 10.3 - Prob. 92ECh. 10.3 - Prob. 93ECh. 10.3 - Prob. 94ECh. 10.3 - Neurosurgery Operative Times. In Example 10.6 on...Ch. 10.3 - Working with Large Data Sets 10.96 Treating...Ch. 10.3 - A Better Golf Tee? An independent golf equipment...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 98ECh. 10.3 - Prob. 99ECh. 10.3 - Tukey's Quick Tost. In this exercise, we examine...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 101ECh. 10.3 - Left-Tailed Hypothesis Tests and CIs. If the...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 103ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 104ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 105ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 106ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 107ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 108ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 109ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 110ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 111ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 112ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 113ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 114ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 115ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 116ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 117ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 118ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 119ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 120ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 121ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 122ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 123ECh. 10.4 - Mandate Perceptions. L. Grossback et al. examined...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 125ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 126ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 127ECh. 10.4 - SAT Essay Scores. The SAT is a standardized test...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 129ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 130ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 131ECh. 10.4 - Working with Large Data Sets 10.132 Gender and...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 133ECh. 10.4 - Teacher Salaries. The National Education...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 135ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 136ECh. 10.4 - Prob. 138ECh. 10.5 - Slate one possible advantage of using paired...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 140ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 141ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 142ECh. 10.5 - In Exercises 10.143-10.148, hypothesis tests...Ch. 10.5 - In Exercises 10.143-10.148, hypothesis tests...Ch. 10.5 - In Exercises 10.143-10.148, hypothesis tests...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 146ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 147ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 148ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 149ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 150ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 151ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 152ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 153ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 154ECh. 10.5 - Applying the Concepts and Skills Preliminary data...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 156ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 157ECh. 10.5 - Measuring Treadwear. R. Stichler et al. compared...Ch. 10.5 - Glaucoma and Corneal Thickness. Glaucoma is a...Ch. 10.5 - Cooling Down. Cooling down with a cold drink...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 161ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 162ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 163ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 164ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 165ECh. 10.5 - In Exercise 10.161-10.166, apply Producer 10.7 on...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 167ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 168ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 169ECh. 10.5 - Working with Large Data Sets 10. 170 Faculty...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 171ECh. 10.5 - Storm Hydrology and Clear Cutting. In the document...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 173ECh. 10.5 - Prob. 174ECh. 10.5 - Gasoline Additive. This exercise shows what can...Ch. 10.6 - Understanding the Concepts and Skills 10.177...Ch. 10.6 - A hypothesis test based on a simple random paired...Ch. 10.6 - Suppose that you want to perform a hypothesis test...Ch. 10.6 - Suppose that you want to perform a hypothesis test...Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 181ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 182ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 183ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 184ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 185ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 186ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 187ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 188ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 189ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 190ECh. 10.6 - Glaucoma and Corneal Thickness. Glaucoma is a...Ch. 10.6 - Cooling Down. Cooling down with a cold drink...Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 193ECh. 10.6 - Tobacco Mosaic Virus. To assess the effects of two...Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 195ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 196ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 197ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 198ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 199ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 200ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 201ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 202ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 203ECh. 10.6 - In Exercises 10.20310.208, do the following. a....Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 205ECh. 10.6 - Prob. 206ECh. 10.6 - In Exercises 10.20310.208, do the following. a....Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 208ECh. 10 - Understanding the Concepts and Skills 1. Discuss...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2RPCh. 10 - Regarding the pooled and nonpooled t-procedures,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4RPCh. 10 - Suppose that independent simple random samples are...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6RPCh. 10 - Prob. 7RPCh. 10 - Prob. 8RPCh. 10 - Grip and Leg Strength. Refer to Problem 8....Ch. 10 - Cottonmouth Litter Size. In the article The...Ch. 10 - Prob. 11RPCh. 10 - Home Prices. The National Association of Realtors...Ch. 10 - Prob. 13RPCh. 10 - Prob. 14RPCh. 10 - Prob. 15RPCh. 10 - Working with Large Data Sets 16. Drink and Be...Ch. 10 - Prob. 17RPCh. 10 - Insulin and BMD. I. Erturul et al. conducted a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 19RPCh. 10 - Prob. 20RPCh. 10 - UWEC UNDERGRADUATES Recall from Chapter 1 (see...Ch. 10 - DEXAMETHASONE THERAPY AND IQ On page 439, we...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Lemons and Car Crashes Listed below are annual data for various years. The data are weights (metric tons) of lemons imported from Mexico and U.S. car crash fatality rates per 100,000 population [based on data from “The Trouble with QSAR (or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Embrace Fallacy),” by Stephen Johnson, Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, Vol. 48, No. 1]. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear correlation between weights of lemon imports from Mexico and U.S. car fatality rates? Do the results suggest that imported lemons cause car fatalities?arrow_forwardCloud seeding, a process in which chemicals such as silver iodide and frozen carbon dioxide are introduced by aircraft into clouds to promote rainfall was widely used in the 20-th century. Recent research has questioned its effectiveness [Journal of Atmospheric Research (2010, Vol. 97 (2), pp. 513-525)]. An experiment was performed by randomly assigning 52 clouds to be seeded or not. The amount of rain generated was then measured in acre-feet. Here are the data for the unseeded and seeded clouds: Unseeded: 81.2 26.1 95.0 41.1 28.6 21.7 11.5 68.5 345.5 321.2 1202.6 1.0 4.9 163.0 372.4 244.3 47.3 87.0 26.3 24.4 830.1 4.9 36.6 147.8 17.3 29.0 Seeded: 274.7 302.8 242.5 255.0 17.5 115.3 31.4 703.4 334.1 430.0 1697.8 118.3 198.6 129.6 274.7 119.0 1656.0 7.7 40.6 92.4 200.7 32.7 4.1 978.0 489.1 2745.6 Construct a frequence distribution for the combined cloud-seeding rain measurements. Use 6 bins. Class Frequency -250 < x < 250 250 < x < 750 750 < x < 1250 1250 < x < 1750 1750 < x < 2250 2250…arrow_forwardEmpty Stomachs. In the publication “How Often Do Fishes ‘Run on Empty’?” (Ecology, Vol. 83, No 8, pp. 2145–2151), D. Arrington et al. examined almost 37,000 fish of 254 species from the waters of Africa, South and Central America, and North America to determine the percentage of fish with empty stomachs. The fish were classified as piscivores (fish-eating), invertivores (invertibrateeating), omnivores (anything-eating) and algivores/detritivores (eating algae and other organic matter). For those fish in African waters, the data on theWeissStats site give the proportions of each species of fish with empty stomachs. At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that a difference exists in the mean percentages of fish with empty stomachs among the four different types of feeders? a. conduct a one-way ANOVA test on the data. b. interpret your results from part (a). c. decide whether presuming that the assumptions of normal populations and equal…arrow_forward
- Participants in a study of a new medicatioarrow_forwardThe background concentration of a chemical in soil was measured on ten random specimens of soil from an uncontaminated area. The measured concentrations, in mg/kg, are: 1.4, 0.6, 1.2, 1.6, 0.5, 0.7, 0.3, 0.8, 0.2, and 0.9. Soil from a neighboring area will be declared “contaminated” if test specimens contain a chemical concentration higher than the upper 99% confidence limit of the background level. What is the cleanup target concentration?arrow_forwardYou are interested in studying the frequency of falls leading to hospitalization among an elderly population attending your outpatient clinic. You identify 862 eligible patients over a 4 year period, of whom 223 were followed for 4 years, 354 for 3 years, 112 for 2 years, and 173 for 1 year. During the 4 year period, there were 98 falls requiring hospitalization. What is the incidence density rate of falls leading to hospitalization per 1,000 person-years in this population? (Please give your answer rounded to the nearest integer).arrow_forward
- Height and Breast Cancer. In the article “Height and Weight at Various Ages and Risk of Breast Cancer” (Annals of Epidemiology, Vol. 2, pp. 597–609), L. Brinton and C. Swanson discussed the relationship between height and breast cancer. The study, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, took 5 years and involved more than 1500 women with breast cancer and 2000 women without breast cancer; it revealed a trend between height and breast cancer: “. . . taller women have a 50 to 80 percent greater risk of getting breast cancer than women who are closer to 5 feet tall.” Christine Swanson, a nutritionist who was involved with the study, added, “. . . height may be associated with the culprit, . . . but no one really knows” the exact relationship between height and the risk of breast cancer. a. Classify this study as either an observational study or a designed experiment. Explain your answer. b. Interpret the statement made by Christine Swanson in light of your answer to part (a).arrow_forward“Passive and Active Smoke” in Appendix B includes cotinine levels measured in a group of nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 60.58 ng>mL, s = 138.08 ng>mL) and a group of nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 16.35 ng>mL, s = 62.53 ng>mL). Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine, meaning that when nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is produced. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke have a higher mean cotinine level than nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke. 1. Construct a confidence interval estimate of the difference betwen the mean continen levels fo the two groups of nonsmokers. What confidence level would be appropriate? 2. Find the margin of error E using the formula. 3. What is the confidence interval? Explain the meaning of the confidence interal and what the limit represents.arrow_forwardThe table below shows the estimated vaccination coverage of adolescents aged 13-17 years, as reported in national surveys in 2020 and 2021. Vaccine Percent vaccinated (95% CI) Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine) 2020: 90.1 (89.2–90.9) 2021: 89.6 (88.6–90.5) MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine) 2020: 92.4 (91.6–93.2) 2021: 92.2 (91.2–93.2) HPV (human papillomavirus vaccine) 2020: 58.6 (57.3–60.0) 2021: 61.7 (60.2–63.2) Answer these: a. For which vaccine(s) was there a statistically significant change in coverage from 2020 to 2021? For each, note whether it was a statistically significant increase or decrease? b. For which vaccine(s) was there no significant change in coverage from 2020 to 2021?arrow_forward
- The authors of the paper "Statistical Methods for Assessing Agreement Between Two Methods of Clinical Measurement"† compared two different instruments for measuring a person's ability to breathe out air. (This measurement is helpful in diagnosing various lung disorders.) The two instruments considered were a Wright peak flow meter and a mini-Wright peak flow meter. Seventeen people participated in the study, and for each person air flow was measured once using the Wright meter and once using the mini-Wright meter. Subject Mini-WrightMeter WrightMeter Subject Mini-WrightMeter WrightMeter 1 512 494 10 445 433 2 430 395 11 432 417 3 520 516 12 626 656 4 428 434 13 260 267 5 500 476 14 477 478 6 600 557 15 259 178 7 364 413 16 350 423 8 380 442 17 451 427 9 658 650 (a) Suppose that the Wright meter is considered to provide a better measure of air flow, but the mini-Wright meter is easier to transport and to use. If the two types of meters produce different…arrow_forwardThe authors of the paper "Statistical Methods for Assessing Agreement Between Two Methods of Clinical Measurement"† compared two different instruments for measuring a person's ability to breathe out air. (This measurement is helpful in diagnosing various lung disorders.) The two instruments considered were a Wright peak flow meter and a mini-Wright peak flow meter. Seventeen people participated in the study, and for each person air flow was measured once using the Wright meter and once using the mini-Wright meter. Subject Mini-WrightMeter WrightMeter Subject Mini-WrightMeter WrightMeter 1 512 494 10 445 433 2 430 395 11 432 417 3 520 516 12 626 656 4 428 434 13 260 267 5 500 476 14 477 478 6 600 557 15 259 178 7 364 413 16 350 423 8 380 442 17 451 427 9 658 650 (a) Suppose that the Wright meter is considered to provide a better measure of air flow, but the mini-Wright meter is easier to transport and to use. If the two types of meters produce…arrow_forwardCheek teeth of extinct primates. The characteristics of cheek teeth (e.g., molars) can provide anthropologists with information on the dietary habits of extinct mammals. The cheek teeth of an extinct primate species were the subject of research reported in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Vol. 142, 2010). A total of 18 cheek teeth extracted from skulls discovered in western Wyoming were analyzed. Researchers recorded the dentary depth of molars (in millimeters) for a sample of 18 cheek teeth extracted from skulls. These depth measurements are listed in the accompanying table. Anthropologists know that the mean dentary depth of molars in an extinct primate species— called Species A—is 15 millimeters. Is there evidence to indicate that the sample of 18 cheek teeth come from some other extinct primate species (i.e., some species other than Species A)? The data are given below (you will need to put it into a single column). You will need to calculate the sample…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Hypothesis Testing using Confidence Interval Approach; Author: BUM2413 Applied Statistics UMP;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hq1l3e9pLyY;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Hypothesis Testing - Difference of Two Means - Student's -Distribution & Normal Distribution; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcZwyzwWU7o;License: Standard Youtube License