The IR spectra of ketone and aldehyde have to be distinguished. Concept introduction: IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample. Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm -1 . Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom. The characteristic IR signal for CO group in an amide is at ~ 1660 cm -1 .

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10.14, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of ketone and aldehyde have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom. The characteristic IR signal for CO group in an amide is at ~1660 cm-1.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of benzene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of cyclohexene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of primary amine and tertiary amine have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Primary and secondary amine:

Primary amine refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups.

The characteristic IR signal for N-H stretch is at range of ∼3500 cm-1and∼3200cm-1

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How can IR spectroscopy be used to distinguish between the following compounds?a. a ketone and an aldehydeb. a cyclic ketone and an open-chain ketonec. benzene and cyclohexened. cis-2-hexene and trans-2-hexenee. cyclohexene and cyclohexanef. a primary amine and a tertiary amine

1. How can you distinguish aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids from each other using IR spectra? Explain, using specific examples. 2. How can you distinguish aldehydes, esters, and carboxylic acids using IR spectra? Explain, using specific examples. 3. How can you distinguish an alcohol, a primary amine, and a secondary amine using IR spectra? Explain, using specific examples. 4. How can you distinguish a terminal alkyne and a nitrile using IR spectra? Explain, using specific examples.

Analyze the high resolution proton NMR spectrum of a compound with the molecular formula C8H16O2 and find out which one. A. 2-ethylhexanoic acid B. 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol C. ethyl hexanoate D. butyl butyrate E. ethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10.14, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of ketone and aldehyde have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom. The characteristic IR signal for CO group in an amide is at ~1660 cm-1.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of benzene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of cyclohexene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of primary amine and tertiary amine have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Primary and secondary amine:

Primary amine refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups.

The characteristic IR signal for N-H stretch is at range of ∼3500 cm-1and∼3200cm-1

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10.14, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of ketone and aldehyde have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom. The characteristic IR signal for CO group in an amide is at ~1660 cm-1.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of benzene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of cyclohexene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of primary amine and tertiary amine have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Primary and secondary amine:

Primary amine refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups.

The characteristic IR signal for N-H stretch is at range of ∼3500 cm-1and∼3200cm-1

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10.14, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of ketone and aldehyde have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom. The characteristic IR signal for CO group in an amide is at ~1660 cm-1.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of benzene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of cyclohexene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of primary amine and tertiary amine have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Primary and secondary amine:

Primary amine refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups.

The characteristic IR signal for N-H stretch is at range of ∼3500 cm-1and∼3200cm-1

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Answer 5

Chapter 10.14, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of ketone and aldehyde have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom. The characteristic IR signal for CO group in an amide is at ~1660 cm-1.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of benzene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of cyclohexene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of primary amine and tertiary amine have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Primary and secondary amine:

Primary amine refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups.

The characteristic IR signal for N-H stretch is at range of ∼3500 cm-1and∼3200cm-1

Answer 6

Chapter 10.14, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of ketone and aldehyde have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom. The characteristic IR signal for CO group in an amide is at ~1660 cm-1.

Answer 7

Chapter 10.14, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of ketone and aldehyde have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom. The characteristic IR signal for CO group in an amide is at ~1660 cm-1.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of benzene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of benzene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of cyclohexene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectrum of cyclohexene and cyclohexane has to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of primary amine and tertiary amine have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Primary and secondary amine:

Primary amine refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups.

The characteristic IR signal for N-H stretch is at range of ∼3500 cm-1and∼3200cm-1

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IR spectra of primary amine and tertiary amine have to be distinguished.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Primary and secondary amine:

Primary amine refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups.

The characteristic IR signal for N-H stretch is at range of ∼3500 cm-1and∼3200cm-1

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 10.2 - What would distinguish the mass spectrum of...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 10.3 - Suggest possible molecular formulas for a compound...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 7P Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 8P Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 10P Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 11P

Solution Summary: The author explains the IR spectrum of benzene and cyclohexane.

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