Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337613316
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 3E
Why are studies that examine the effects of aging not considered true experiments?
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 10.1 - Define, compare, and contrast the experimental,...Ch. 10.2 - Define a nonequivalent group design and identify...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how individual differences threaten the...Ch. 10.2 - Describe the two nonexperimental nonequivalent...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how a simple modification of the...Ch. 10.3 - Define a pre-post design and identify examples of...Ch. 10.3 - Identify the threats to internal validity for...Ch. 10.3 - Describe the nonexpenmental pretest-posttest...Ch. 10.3 - Explain how replacing the single observation...Ch. 10.4 - Define cross-sectional and longitudinal designs,...
Ch. 10.5 - Identify the statistical techniques that are...Ch. 10.5 - Explain how the terms quasi-independent variable...Ch. 10 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 10 - Explain the distinction between experimental and...Ch. 10 - Why are studies that examine the effects of aging...Ch. 10 - Explain why we can be more confident about causal...Ch. 10 - Give an example of a situation (aside from gender)...Ch. 10 - Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) conducted a series...Ch. 10 - A researcher measures personality characteristics...Ch. 10 - A researcher wants to describe the effectiveness...Ch. 10 - Explain how the pretest helps minimize the threat...Ch. 10 - Describe the basic characteristics of a pre-post...Ch. 10 - To evaluate the effectiveness of a new television...Ch. 10 - What characteristic differentiates a pretest-post...Ch. 10 - Explain how a time-series design minimizes most...Ch. 10 - A researcher wants to describe how fine motor...Ch. 10 - Although the cohort effect can be a serious...Ch. 10 - Identify the appropriate statistical test for each...Ch. 10 - The college offers all students an optional...
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- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardUnder what circumstances could an independent variable in one study be a dependent variable in another study?arrow_forwardI ran these regressions in SAS but don't know how to interpret them. 1a. What is the causal effect of gun control on life expectancy? b. What potential sources of bias might there be in the regression model?arrow_forward
- What does it mean when one of the two main effects is significant?arrow_forwardWhat does a correlation coefficient of 0.92 tell you about the causal relationship between two variables?arrow_forwardWhat is a variable that the authors of this study could have controlled for, but did not? Explain how including your proposed variable may have strengthened the argument that education has an effect on health.arrow_forward
- Is Advertising negatively related with sales? Are both Unemployment and Advertising statistically significant in this model?arrow_forwardDescribe two ways in which Pearson correlation and simple linear regression are similar?arrow_forwardQUESTION 3 What is the main limitation of this study? In 2009, investigators were interested in evaluating the relationship between physical activity and being overweight. Using BRFSS data, they found 100 participants in South Carolina. 69 of these participants were overweight, and the remaining 31 were not. The investigators found that 46 participants who were overweight reported low levels of physical activity. The investigators also determined that 22 participants who were not overweight reported high levels of physical activity. This type of study is expensive to carry out, and non-compliance of study participants must be dealt with in the analysis. The exposure and outcome were measured on study participants at the same time; therefore, temporality cannot be established. O The unit of observation is the group, so results cannot be assumed to apply to individuals. O The study only includes cases. There is no comparison group.arrow_forward
- It has been demonstrated that students with high self-esteem tend to have higher grades than students with low self-esteem. Does this relationship mean that higher self-esteem causes better academic performance? Does it mean that better academic performance causes higher self-esteem? Explain your answer, and identify the general problem that can preclude a cause-and-effect explanation.arrow_forwardwo thousand (2,000) adults ages 50 to 80 years were recruited into a 10-year prospective cohort study which started in 1971. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of gender on death at the end of the study (died during the study period vs survived), controlling for age, years if smoking, and occupation. What is the most appropriate statistical analysis you would conduct to answer the research question? A. Multiple linear regression B. Survival analysisC. Multiple logistic regression.D. All of the abovearrow_forwardHow might the absence of data screening affect a researcher’s data quality, their interpretations of the data, and thereby their interpretations of their study’s findings?arrow_forward
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