Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337613316
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 10E
Describe the basic characteristics of a pre-post design and explain why these designs are not true experiments.
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A New York Times article titled For Runners, Soft Ground Can Be Hard on the Body considered two perspectives on whether runners should stick to hard surfaces or soft surfaces following an injury. One position supported running on soft surfaces to relieve joints that were in recovery from injury. The second position supported running on hard surfaces since soft surfaces can be uneven, which may make worse those injuries a soft surface was intended to help.
Suppose we are given sufficient funds to run an experiment to study this topic. With no studies to support either position, which of the following hypotheses would be appropriate?
1. The second position makes the more sense, so this should be a one-sided test. In this case, we should form the alternative hypothesis around the first position.
2. Because we would be interested in any difference between running on hard and soft surfaces, we should use a two-sided hypothesis test.
3. Because there is uncertainty, we should postpone…
A New York Times article titled For Runners, Soft Ground Can Be Hard on the Body considered two
perspectives on whether runners should stick to hard surfaces or soft surfaces following an injury. One
position supported running on soft surfaces to relieve joints that were in recovery from injury. The
second position supported running on hard surfaces since soft surfaces can be uneven, which may make
worse those injuries a soft surface was intended to help.
Suppose we are given sufficient funds to run an experiment to study this topic. With no studies to
support either position, which of the following hypotheses would be appropriate?
The first position is more sensible, so this should be a one-sided test. In this case, we should form
the alternative hypothesis around the second position.
The second position makes the more sense, so this should be a one-sided test. In this case, we
should form the alternative hypothesis around the first position.
Because we would be interested in any…
i want Solution Part 1, 2
Chapter 10 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 10.1 - Define, compare, and contrast the experimental,...Ch. 10.2 - Define a nonequivalent group design and identify...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how individual differences threaten the...Ch. 10.2 - Describe the two nonexperimental nonequivalent...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how a simple modification of the...Ch. 10.3 - Define a pre-post design and identify examples of...Ch. 10.3 - Identify the threats to internal validity for...Ch. 10.3 - Describe the nonexpenmental pretest-posttest...Ch. 10.3 - Explain how replacing the single observation...Ch. 10.4 - Define cross-sectional and longitudinal designs,...
Ch. 10.5 - Identify the statistical techniques that are...Ch. 10.5 - Explain how the terms quasi-independent variable...Ch. 10 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 10 - Explain the distinction between experimental and...Ch. 10 - Why are studies that examine the effects of aging...Ch. 10 - Explain why we can be more confident about causal...Ch. 10 - Give an example of a situation (aside from gender)...Ch. 10 - Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) conducted a series...Ch. 10 - A researcher measures personality characteristics...Ch. 10 - A researcher wants to describe the effectiveness...Ch. 10 - Explain how the pretest helps minimize the threat...Ch. 10 - Describe the basic characteristics of a pre-post...Ch. 10 - To evaluate the effectiveness of a new television...Ch. 10 - What characteristic differentiates a pretest-post...Ch. 10 - Explain how a time-series design minimizes most...Ch. 10 - A researcher wants to describe how fine motor...Ch. 10 - Although the cohort effect can be a serious...Ch. 10 - Identify the appropriate statistical test for each...Ch. 10 - The college offers all students an optional...
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- Par, Inc., is a major manufacturer of golf equipment. Management believes that Par's market share could be increased with the introduction of a cut-resistant, longer-lasting golf ball. Therefore, the research group at Par has been investigating a new golf ball coating designed to resist cuts and provide a more durable ball. The tests with the coating have been promising. One of the researchers voiced concern about the effect of the new coating on driving distances. Par would like the new cut-resistant ball to offer driving distances comparable to those of the current-model golf ball. To compare the driving distances for the two balls, 40 balls of both the new and current models were subjected to distance tests. The testing was performed with a mechanical hitting machine so that any difference between the mean distances for the two models could be attributed to a difference in the two models. Prepare a managerial report that investigates the effect of the new coating on driving…arrow_forwardPar, Inc., is a major manufacturer of golf equipment. Management believes that Par's market share could be increased with the introduction of a cut-resistant,longer-lasting golf ball. Therefore, the research group at Par has been investigating a new golf ball coating designed to resist cuts and provide a more durable ball. The tests with the coating have been promising. One of the researchers voiced concern about the effect of the new coating on driving distances. Par would like the new cut-resistant ball to offer driving distances comparable to those of the current-model golf ball. To compare the driving distances for the two balls,40 balls of both the new and current models were subjected to distance tests. The testing was performed with a mechanical hitting machine so that any difference between the mean distances for the two models could be attributed to a difference in the two models. The results of the tests, with distances measured to the nearest yard, follow. These data are…arrow_forwardSuppose a researcher wants to see if the proportion of college educated adults is higher in New York compared to Florida. The researcher randomly samples 500 adults in New York and found that 196 had a college education, while a random sample of 600 adults in Florida found that 227 had a college education.At the 0.05 level of significance, does the data provide evidence to suggest the proportion of college educated adults is higher in New York than Florida? Step 1: Define the parameter & setup the testStep 2: State the Level of SignificanceStep 3: Find the value of the Test StatisticsStep 4: Find P-Value OR Find Critical ValueStep 5: State Conclusion and whyarrow_forward
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